| 1. |
- Burrascano, S., et al.
(författare)
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Where are we now with European forest multi-taxon biodiversity and where can we head to?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - 0006-3207. ; 284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European biodiversity and forest strategies rely on forest sustainable management (SFM) to conserve forest biodiversity. However, current sustainability assessments hardly account for direct biodiversity indicators. We focused on forest multi-taxon biodiversity to: i) gather and map the existing information; ii) identify knowledge and research gaps; iii) discuss its research potential. We established a research network to fit data on species, standing trees, lying deadwood and sampling unit description from 34 local datasets across 3591 sampling units. A total of 8724 species were represented, with the share of common and rare species varying across taxonomic classes: some included many species with several rare ones (e.g., Insecta); others (e.g., Bryopsida) were repre-sented by few common species. Tree-related structural attributes were sampled in a subset of sampling units (2889; 2356; 2309 and 1388 respectively for diameter, height, deadwood and microhabitats). Overall, multi-taxon studies are biased towards mature forests and may underrepresent the species related to other develop-mental phases. European forest compositional categories were all represented, but beech forests were over-represented as compared to thermophilous and boreal forests. Most sampling units (94%) were referred to a habitat type of conservation concern. Existing information may support European conservation and SFM stra-tegies in: (i) methodological harmonization and coordinated monitoring; (ii) definition and testing of SFM in-dicators and thresholds; (iii) data-driven assessment of the effects of environmental and management drivers on multi-taxon forest biological and functional diversity, (iv) multi-scale forest monitoring integrating in-situ and remotely sensed information.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Wäppling, A, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of multi-product bundling in selected Swedish markets
- 2006
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Ingår i: 3th conference on recent advances in retailing and consumer services, Budapest, Hungary.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product bundles are defined as two or more products that are available for purchase as one single product. Attribute bundles are analogously defined as two or more attributes that together form a product. Bundling can be pure or mixed with pure bundling referring to that individual products cannot be purchased individually, and mixed bundling referring to that the products can be purchased individually. Attributes can be divided into core and add-on attributes, where core attributes are essential for the products function. Add-on attributes are not essential but increase the perceived quality for the consumer. An argument can be made that bundles have positive effects by simplifying consumers decision making. On the other hand, bundles can be seen as negative restrictions on the range of purchase alternatives if the bundles fail to meet the consumers needs. This study investigated the prevalence of product bundling in three selected Swedish markets, automobiles, charter travel, and bank services. Product information was gathered for 14 companies, mainly from product brochures and Internet websites. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior representatives. The acquired product information made possible to categorize available products, attributes and bundles offered on the three markets. Multi-product bundling existed in all three markets. In the bank service and charter travel markets there were however none or few restrictions on core products, only for add-on products. In the automobile market, cost restrictions were imposed on free combinations of core attributes as well as on add-on attribute values. In general the restrictions were thus more severe in the automobile market, but the choice of bundles offered was generally much larger. There were also notable differences between companies in both the number and type of combinations. Fewer restrictions were put on more expensive than on less expensive products.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- De Frenne, Pieter, et al.
(författare)
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Plant movements and climate warming : intraspecific variation in growth responses to nonlocal soils
- 2014
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 202:2, s. 431-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most range shift predictions focus on the dispersal phase of the colonization process. Because moving populations experience increasingly dissimilar nonclimatic environmental conditions as they track climate warming, it is also critical to test how individuals originating from contrasting thermal environments can establish in nonlocal sites. We assess the intraspecific variation in growth responses to nonlocal soils by planting a widespread grass of deciduous forests (Milium effusum) into an experimental common garden using combinations of seeds and soil sampled in 22 sites across its distributional range, and reflecting movement scenarios of up to 1600km. Furthermore, to determine temperature and forest-structural effects, the plants and soils were experimentally warmed and shaded. We found significantly positive effects of the difference between the temperature of the sites of seed and soil collection on growth and seedling emergence rates. Migrant plants might thus encounter increasingly favourable soil conditions while tracking the isotherms towards currently colder' soils. These effects persisted under experimental warming. Rising temperatures and light availability generally enhanced plant performance. Our results suggest that abiotic and biotic soil characteristics can shape climate change-driven plant movements by affecting growth of nonlocal migrants, a mechanism which should be integrated into predictions of future range shifts.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hedlund, T., et al.
(författare)
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The mediating effect of value orientation on the relationship between socio-demographic factors and environmental concern in Swedish tourists’ vacation choices
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecotourism.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A survey of 681 Swedish tourists was conducted to examine how tourists’ value orientation mediates the relationships between socio-demographic factors and environmental concern (EC) in six specific vacation choices. Overall, the results showed that sex, age, education, and income have an effect on EC in choice of destination, time of departure, activity, travel mode, accommodation, and length of trip. Value orientation fully and partially mediated these effects of socio-demographic factors. The partial mediation implies that the socio-demographic factors also have direct effects on environmental concern. It was further concluded that each vacation choice should be examined separately since both the effect of socio-demographic factors on EC and the mediating effect of value orientation differs depending on which vacation choice the respondent is considering
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| 8. |
- Knutsson, E, et al.
(författare)
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What determines complementarity of product bundles and how is attraction influenced?
- 2006
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Ingår i: 13th conference on recent advances in retailing and consumer services, Budapest, Hungary.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product bundling is a commonly used marketing strategy. The simplest form of bundling is selling multiples of the same product in a package, but there are also multi-product bundles that include different products. Multi-product bundles aim at fulfilling more than one need. In multi-product bundles the relation between individual items can vary. Complementary bundles consist of products that are functionally compatible, while non-complementary bundles are functionally unrelated. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether it is the complementarity in terms of functionality or a general categorization of the products that result in different attraction and whether the degree of complementarity is dependent on type of anchor product and the price discrepancy between the products in the bundle. The results indicate that if the price is not lower, bundles are never more attractive than the separate products. In addition to functionality, price differences as well as differences in quality play a role for how attractive bundles are.
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