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- Biollaz, S., et al.
(författare)
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Gas analysis in gasification of biomass and waste : Guideline report: Document 1
- 2018
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gasification is generally acknowledged as one of the technologies that will enable the large-scale production of biofuels and chemicals from biomass and waste. One of the main technical challenges associated to the deployment of biomass gasification as a commercial technology is the cleaning and upgrading of the product gas. The contaminants of product gas from biomass/waste gasification include dust, tars, alkali metals, BTX, sulphur-, nitrogen- and chlorine compounds, and heavy metals. Proper measurement of the components and contaminants of the product gas is essential for the monitoring of gasification-based plants (efficiency, product quality, by-products), as well as for the proper design of the downstream gas cleaning train (for example, scrubbers, sorbents, etc.). In practice, a trade-off between reliability, accuracy and cost has to be reached when selecting the proper analysis technique for a specific application. The deployment and implementation of inexpensive yet accurate gas analysis techniques to monitor the fate of gas contaminants might play an important role in the commercialization of biomass and waste gasification processes.This special report commissioned by the IEA Bioenergy Task 33 group compiles a representative part of the extensive work developed in the last years by relevant actors in the field of gas analysis applied to(biomass and waste) gasification. The approach of this report has been based on the creation of a team of contributing partners who have supplied material to the report. This networking approach has been complemented with a literature review. The report is composed of a set of 2 documents. Document 1(the present report) describes the available analysis techniques (both commercial and underdevelopment) for the measurement of different compounds of interest present in gasification gas. The objective is to help the reader to properly select the analysis technique most suitable to the target compounds and the intended application. Document 1 also describes some examples of application of gas analysis at commercial-, pilot- and research gasification plants, as well as examples of recent and current joint research activities in the field. The information contained in Document 1 is complemented with a book of factsheets on gas analysis techniques in Document 2, and a collection of video blogs which illustrate some of the analysis techniques described in Documents 1 and 2.This guideline report would like to become a platform for the reinforcement of the network of partners working on the development and application of gas analysis, thus fostering collaboration and exchange of knowledge. As such, this report should become a living document which incorporates in future coming progress and developments in the field.
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| 3. |
- Biollaz, S., et al.
(författare)
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Gas analysis in gasification of biomass and waste : Guideline report: Document 2 - Factsheets on gas analysis techniques
- 2018
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gasification is generally acknowledged as one of the technologies that will enable the large-scale production of biofuels and chemicals from biomass and waste. One of the main technical challenges associated to the deployment of biomass gasification as a commercial technology is the cleaning and upgrading of the product gas. The contaminants of product gas from biomass/waste gasification include dust, tars, alkali metals, BTX, sulphur-, nitrogen- and chlorine compounds, and heavy metals. Proper measurement of the components and contaminants of the product gas is essential for the monitoring of gasification-based plants (efficiency, product quality, by-products), as well as for the proper design of the downstream gas cleaning train (for example, scrubbers, sorbents, etc.). The deployment and implementation of inexpensive yet accurate gas analysis techniques to monitor the fate of gas contaminants might play an important role in the commercialization of biomass and waste gasification processes.This special report commissioned by the IEA Bioenergy Task 33 group compiles a representative part of the extensive work developed in the last years by relevant actors in the field of gas analysis applied to (biomass and waste) gasification. The approach of this report has been based on the creation of a team of contributing partners who have supplied material to the report. This networking approach has been complemented with a literature review. This guideline report would like to become a platform for the reinforcement of the network of partners working on the development and application of gas analysis, thus fostering collaboration and exchange of knowledge. As such, this report should become a living document which incorporates in future coming progress and developments in the field.
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- Carraminana, Albert, et al.
(författare)
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Rationale and Study Design for an Individualized Perioperative Open Lung Ventilatory Strategy in Patients on One-Lung Ventilation (iPROVE-OLV)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 1053-0770 .- 1532-8422. ; 33:9, s. 2492-2502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this clinical trial is to examine whether it is possible to reduce postoperative complications using an individualized perioperative ventilatory strategy versus using a standard lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. Design: International, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: A network of university hospitals. Participants: The study comprises 1,380 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery. Interventions: The individualized group will receive intraoperative recruitment maneuvers followed by individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (open lung approach) during the intraoperative period plus postoperative ventilatory support with high-flow nasal cannula, whereas the control group will be managed with conventional lung-protective ventilation. Measurements and Main Results: Individual and total number of postoperative complications, including atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, acute lung injury; unplanned readmission and reintubation; length of stay and death in the critical care unit and in the hospital will be analyzed for both groups. The authors hypothesize that the intraoperative application of an open lung approach followed by an individual indication of high-flow nasal cannula in the postoperative period will reduce pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 10. |
- Dragasevic, N T, et al.
(författare)
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Cortical excitability revealed by motor evoked potential, cortical silent period and conduction time in spinocerebellar ataxias type 1, type 2 and idiopathic sporadic cerebellar ataxia : a transcranial magnetic stimulation study
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Movement Disorder Society’s 10th International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement.
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias are characterized by their underlying genetic defect and are referred to as spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs 1-23). The clinical classification of the SCA has been difficult owing to variations and overlapping of the clinical signs. The aim of this study was to compare cortical motor evoked potential (MEP), central motor conduction time (CMCT) and cortical silent period (CSP) duration in SCA patients in Serbia, namely in genetically homogenous groups of ataxia patients with type 1, type 2 and IDCA (idiopathic sporadic cerebellar ataxia). We examined 29 patients, 16 with the diagnosis of SCA 1, 6 SCA 2 and 7 IDCA patients. Eight healthy control subjects were gender and age matched. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to investigate parameters of cortical excitability such as: motor threshold (MT) and MEP, CSP and CMCT. MT was established at rest, MEP was calculated as the area in the rectified EMG recording. CSP was evoked by 30% suprathreshold stimulation while subjects activated FDI muscle with contraction of 30% of their MVC. CMCT was calculated as a difference between the shortest MEP latency after cortical and after cervical stimulation (in the region of C5-C6). Results show that MT was increased in all ataxia patient groups, compared to control subjects. CMCT has significant increase in SCA 1 patients. CSP in IDCA patients is significantly longer then in SCA 1, SCA 2 and control subjects, while no difference was found between SCA 1, SCA 2 and control. MEP duration was significantly increased in all ataxia groups compared to control in relaxed muscle. Due to the cerebellar influence on the cortico-spinal system through control of inhibitory cortical interneurons, could be assumed that different categories of ataxia patients have disturbed cerebellar inhibitory influence to the various degrees. It might be possible that SCA 1 prominent abnormalities in cortical excitability originate from expansion of damage from cerebellum to some other cerebellar and brain structures.
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