| 1. |
- Burman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Slutrapport: Genomförbarhetsstudie - Lokala nät och lokal spektrumanvändning för industriella radiosystem
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport sammanfattar vi utfört utredningsarbete för den studie som vi genomfört under perioden november 2020 – mars 2021 avseende lokala 5G-nät för industrin.Medverkande har varit Boliden Mineral AB, Åkerströms i Björbo AB, Post- och Telesturelsen (PTS) samt KTH. Studien har finansierats av det strategiska innovationsprogrammet Smartare elektroniksystem - en gemensam satsning av Vinnova, Formas och Energimyndigheten.Rapporten rymmer två typer av material, dels beskrivning av nuläge dels analys och slutsatser.Nulägesbeskrivningen för 5G innefattar: status för spektrumtilldelning och utbyggnad av nät i några länder samt om forskning och standardisering vad gäller lokala 5G-nät för industrin.Analysdelen består av resonemang och resultat inom fyra olika områden: i) krav och behov, ii) möjliga scenarier och alternativ för systemlösningar, iii) kort summering av centrala tekniska faktorer för lokala nät avsedda för industrin, samt iv) sammanställning av utmaningar för olika aktörer och för spektrumtilldelning.Icke-publika nät (Non-public networks, NPN) är ett globalt fenomen med stort stöd och intresse från existerande ekosystem inom industri och telekom men även från helt nya spelare från tex IT industrin. NPN drivs av industrins behov av säker och tillförlitlig uppkoppling för digitalisering och automatisering av sina processer. Idag är industrins uppkoppling främst trådbunden, alternativt så använder man sig av ”proprietära”- eller WiFi baserade system i icke-licensierade band (alternativt smala frekvensband specifikt dedicerade för olika industriprocesser). Trådbunden uppkoppling är långsiktigt inte önskvärt för industrin då det begränsar rörligheten.För tillverkare av industriell radiostyrning är slutsatsen att man långsiktigt måste förbereda sig på att migrera från punkt-till-punkt kommunikation till användning av cellulära nätverk. För att industriföretag skall kunna ta beslut om investering i cellulär teknik för uppkoppling istället för tex WiFi, krävs långsiktighet både tekniskt och affärsmässigt. Det är därför viktigt att man kan tillhandahålla frekvenser för industriellt bruk. Bandet 3,72-3,80 GHz är i många länder tilldelat för lokala tillstånd. Detta band är definierat för TDD och behöver synkroniseras med operatörernas nät samt även använda samma fördelning av trafik mellan upp-och nedlänk som dessa nät. Industrins kapacitetsbehov är främst i upplänk medan operatörsnäten främst tillhandahåller video i nedlänk. Vidare finns ett antal andra utmaningar för samexistens mellan lokala nät och operatörsnät. Det är i nuläget oklart om man via endast TDD-tillstånd i 3,5 GHz eller högre frekvensband kommer att kunna tillfredsställa alla behov inom området industriell radiostyrning och icke publika nät.Sammanfattningsvis kan vi konstatera att detta projekt har identifierat ett antal osäkerheter och utmaningar avseende lokala 5G-nät för industrin. Vår bedömning är att dessa är så stora att det i nuläget saknas underlag för att definiera ett större utvecklingsprojekt. För att kunna definiera ett relevant projekt för att utveckla och testa 5G baserad system för industriell radiostyrning behöver ytterligare underlag tas fram. Dessutom bör man även invänta beslut från PTS avseende allokering av frekvenser för industrin.
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| 2. |
- Giles, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Cost Drivers and Deployment Scenarios for Future Braodband Wireless Networks - Key research problems and directions for research
- 2004
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Ingår i: VTC2004-SPRING. - New York : IEEE. - 0780382552 ; , s. 2042-2046
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most prominent problem in providing anywhere, anytime wideband mobile access is the towering infrastructure cost as it is basically proportional to the bandwidth provided. In this paper, we provide a simple, initial, analysis of the various infrastructure cost factors. This analysis shows that, contrary to what one may expect, the infrastructure cost is not dominated by electronic equipment, but rather by other deployment related costs (towers, wiring, building, network connections) and maintenance costs. In the paper some novel architectural approaches for future wideband mobile access focusing on these dominant cost factors are described and the related key research issues are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Markendahl, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Cost Structure and Business Model options for Wireless Access Provisioning using Femtocell solutions
- 2008
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Ingår i: 19th European Regional ITS Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The last year Mobile Operators have successfully offered mobile broad band services based on “USB dongles” and competitive flat rate subscriptions. Both the numbers of users as well as the “usage” in terms of transferred number of Mbytes per user and month are increasing substantially. This will require very cost-efficient high capacity network solutions. Mobile communication systems with coverage almost “everywhere” (e.g. GSM) are deployed for mobile telephony services. They are feasible solutions for voice or low rate data services, but not economically viable for high data rates and high capacity access. For cellular systems so called hierarchical cells structures (HCS) are used to provide services in areas with varying demand. The macrocells are complemented by micro and pico cells in areas with high demand. Recently femtocell solutions with small (possibly user deployed) indoor base stations have been proposed and this deployment option is currently investigated by operators and manufacturers (see www.femtoforum.org).
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| 4. |
- Markendahl, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Business innovation strategies to reduce the revenue gap for wireless broadband services
- 2009
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Ingår i: Communications & Strategies. - 0249-2571. ; :75, s. 35-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobile broadband is increasing rapidly both when it comes to traffic and number of subscriptions. The swift growth of the demand will require substantial capacity expansions. Operators are challenged by the fact that revenues from mobile roadband are limited, just a few per cent of ARPU, and thus not compensating for declining voice revenues, creating a so called "revenue gap". Concurrently, mobile broadband dominates the traffic, set to grow strongly. In this paper we analyze the potential of different strategies for operators to reduce or bridge the revenue gap. The main options are to reduce network costs, to increase access prices and to exploit new revenue streams. The focus in the paper is on cost & capacity challenges and solutions in the network domain.Operators can cooperate and share sites and spectrum, which could be combined with off-loading heavy traffic to less costly local networks. In the network analysis we illustrate the cost impacts of different levels of demand, re-use of existing base station sites, sharing of base stations and spectrum and deployment of a denser network. A sensitivity analysis illustrates the impact on total revenues if access prices are increased, whether new types of services generate additional revenues, and if it fills the revenue gap. Our conclusion is that the different technical options to reduce the revenue gap can be linked to business strategies that include cooperation with both other operators as well as with non-telecom actors. Hence, innovations in the business domain enable technical solutions to be better or fully exploited.
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| 5. |
- Markendahl, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Company Asset analysis of candidates for novel access provisioning
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- New ways of increasing cost efficiency and introduction of new services are necessary to promote development of extensive usage of a multitude of high data rate wireless services similar to the Internet. The Novel Access provisioning (NAP) project investigates the possibilities in small scale access and service provisioning as a low cost complement to existing Mobile Networks. New market players and business models are analysed. Private companies, shops etc can act as Local network operators where the company network is “re-used” for public access. Companies with large customer base, a strong brand and wide spread local presence represent another type of new market player where company assets like marketing, customer support and billing units also can be exploited for operation of mobile networks.
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| 6. |
- Markendahl, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Local access provisioning driven by Supply-push or by Demand-pull? - Initial findings from interviews with market actors
- 2006
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Ingår i: ITS Europe 2006.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the technological development of local access provisioning of wireless broadband through the study of commercial forces of push-pull character behind its development. The work is conducted within the Novel Access Provisioning (NAP) project that is a joint techno-economic research effort between the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm School of Economics (SSE) and the Swedish Telecom Agency (PTS). This paper reports the findings from a series of interviews with main representatives from actors within and outside the telecom industry confined to the Scandinavian market. The aim of the paper is to increase the understanding for the rate of diffusion of wireless broadband access solutions and to suggest innovative alternatives that may fuel its development.
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| 7. |
- Markendahl, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Operator Cooperation as a Competitive Advantage for Provisioning of Low Cost High Capacity Mobile Broad band Services
- 2008
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Ingår i: 19th European Regional ITS Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Operator utility is related to expected profits, risks and strategic issues. In this paper we focus on the potential change in operator utility from network cooperation. If network cooperation would increase operator utility significantly, that would be an important driver of cooperation. We show that the most important effect of network cooperation would be increased user utility, which in turn is shown to have significant impact on operator utility. The user utility is compared without and with cooperation between mobile operators. The user utility is expressed as a User Satisfaction Index (USI) which is depending on the service availability, service quality and the price. Cooperation in the form of sharing of network resources is usually seen as a way to share costs and risk for network deployment. However, there are other operator benefits: improved network utilization and increased traffic which may increase the revenues improved user satisfaction due to improved service availability and quality The network related property of cooperation to reduce the number of disconnected users is transformed into a higher degree of user satisfaction. This would most likely result in more loyal customers and hence the churn would be reduced. In this paper we discuss the implications of the increased user satisfaction on operator costs for customer acquisition and management. We see business opportunities for mobile operators leading to cost savings and changes in the cost structure.
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| 8. |
- Markendahl, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Supply-Push or Demand-pull as driver for Local access Provisioning - initial findings from interviews with market actors
- 2006
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Ingår i: Helsinki Mobility Roundtable 2006.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes push-pull initiatives of technological development by studying the concept of Novel Access Provisioning of new wireless Internet access to existing backbone infrastructure. The Novel Access Provisioning project is conducted within the Swedish techno-economic research project with participants from the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm School of Economics (SSE) and the Swedish Telecom Agency (PTS). This paper reports on the results from a series of interviews during the fall of 2005 with main representatives from within the Telecom Industry and outside in the Nordic market having an interest in the development and use of mobile services. The aim of the paper is to increase the understanding for why some innovations have a rapid rate of adoption while others are deployed more slowly.
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| 9. |
- Mölleryd, Bengt G., et al.
(författare)
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Decoupling of revenues and traffic - Is there a revenue gap for mobile broadband?
- 2010
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Ingår i: 2010 9th Conference of Telecommunication, Media and Internet, CTTE 2010. - 9781424479887
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobile broadband is increasing rapidly both when it comes to traffic and the number of subscriptions. Operators are challenged by the fact that revenues from mobile broadband are de-coupled from the traffic. In this paper we will analyze if this de-coupling results in a “revenue gap” for the combined voice and mobile broadband business and, if this is the case, how significant the gap is. We analyze a country and operator case where the increasing user demand requires network upgrades. The impact of increasing traffic, revenues and costs is analyzed in terms of profit margin for the voice and mobile broadband businesses. The results show that the overall profit for the modeled operator decreases due to declining voice revenues. The contribution from mobile broadband depends heavily on the amount of traffic growth and prices.
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| 10. |
- Mölleryd, Bengt G., et al.
(författare)
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Mobile broadband expansion calls for more spectrum or base stations : analysis of value of spectrum and the role of spectrum aggregation
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses the marginal value of spectrum which includes engineering and strategic value. The analysis of the engineering value shows that operators that are able to obtain more spectrum than their competitors, and pursue network sharing and spectrum aggregation have a competitive advantage as they have the lowest production cost, highest margin and highest capacity when usage takes off. The analysis of the strategic value shows that the level of offered data rates is pivotal for operators’ marketing of mobile broadband services and that network sharing in combination with spectrum aggregation has a positive impact on the strategic value. Altogether, the willingness to pay for spectrum in recent auctions has been lower than the estimated marginal value in this analysis.
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