| 1. |
- Markt, Sarah C., et al.
(författare)
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ABO Blood Group Alleles and Prostate Cancer Risk : results from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3)
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 75:15, s. 1677-1681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND. ABO blood group has been associated with risk of cancers of the pancreas, stomach, ovary, kidney, and skin, but has not been evaluated in relation to risk of aggressive prostate cancer. METHODS. We used three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs8176746, rs505922, and rs8176704) to determine ABO genotype in 2,774 aggressive prostate cancer cases and 4,443 controls from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate age and study-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between blood type, genotype, and risk of aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score >= 8 or locally advanced/metastatic disease (stage T3/T4/N1/M1). RESULTS. We found no association between ABO blood type and risk of aggressive prostate cancer (Type A: OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.87-1.08; Type B: OR = 0.92, 95% CI = n0.77-1.09; Type AB: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.98-1.59, compared to Type O, respectively). Similarly, there was no association between "dose" of A or B alleles and aggressive prostate cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS. ABO blood type was not associated with risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Prostate 75: 1677-1681, 2015. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 2. |
- Dickerman, Barbra A., et al.
(författare)
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Midlife metabolic factors and prostate cancer risk in later life
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - Hoboken, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 142:6, s. 1166-1173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic syndrome is associated with several cancers, but evidence for aggressive prostate cancer is sparse. We prospectively investigated the influence of metabolic syndrome and its components on risk of total prostate cancer and measures of aggressive disease in a cohort of Icelandic men. Men in the Reykjavik Study (n = 9,097, enrolled 1967-1987) were followed for incident (n = 1,084 total; n = 378 advanced; n = 148 high-grade) and fatal (n = 340) prostate cancer until 2014. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for (1) measured metabolic factors at cohort entry (body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose) and (2) a metabolic syndrome score (range 0-4) combining the risk factors: BMI ≥30 kg/m2 ; systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130 or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥85 mm Hg or taking antihypertensives; triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl; fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dl or self-reported type 2 diabetes. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes were associated with a higher risk of total, advanced, high-grade, and fatal prostate cancer, independent of BMI. Neither BMI nor triglycerides were associated with prostate cancer risk. Higher metabolic syndrome score (3-4 vs 0) was associated with a higher risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR 1.55; 95% CI: 0.89, 2.69; p trend = 0.08), although this finding was not statistically significant. Our findings suggest a positive association between midlife hypertension and diabetes and risk of total and aggressive prostate cancer. Further, metabolic syndrome as a combination of factors was associated with an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer.
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| 3. |
- Markt, Sarah C., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Variation Across C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Prostate Cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 74:10, s. 1034-1042
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND. Inflammation has been hypothesized to play an important etiological role in the initiation or progression of prostate cancer. Circulating levels of the systemic inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP) have been associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. We investigated the role of genetic variation in CRP and prostate cancer, under the hypothesis that variants may alter risk of disease.METHODS. We undertook a case-control study nested within the prospective Physicians' Health Study among 1,286 men with incident prostate cancer and 1,264 controls. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected to capture the common genetic variation across CRP (r(2) > 0.8). We used unconditional logistic regression to assess the association between each SNP and risk of prostate cancer. Linear regression models explored associations between each genotype and plasma CRP levels.RESULTS. None of the CRP SNPs were associated with prostate cancer overall. Individuals with one copy of the minor allele (C) in rs1800947 had an increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1-2.8), and significantly lower mean CRP levels (P-value < 0.001), however, we found no significant association with lethal disease. Mean CRP levels were significantly elevated in men with one or two copies of the minor allele in rs3093075 and rs1417939, but these were unrelated to prostate cancer risk.CONCLUSION. Our findings suggest that SNPs in the CRP gene are not associated with risk of overall or lethal prostate cancer. Polymorphisms in CRP rs1800947 may be associated with higher grade disease, but our results require replication in other cohorts.
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| 4. |
- Markt, Sarah C, et al.
(författare)
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Insufficient Sleep and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Large Swedish Cohort
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : American Academy of Sleep Medicine. - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 38:9, s. 1405-1410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Objective: There are some data to suggest that insufficient sleep, including short sleep duration and sleep disruption, may be associated with an increased risk of cancer. We investigated the association between sleep duration and sleep disruption and risk of prostate cancer. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Sweden. Participants: A total of 14,041 men in the Swedish National March Cohort. Interventions: None. Measurements and Results: Habitual sleep duration and sleep disruption were self-reported in 1997. Prostate cancer diagnoses, including lethal (metastases at diagnosis or death from prostate cancer) and advanced (stage T4, N1, or M1 at diagnosis or death from prostate cancer), were determined from linkage to nationwide cancer registries through 2010. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for potential confounding variables. During 13 years of follow-up, we identified 785 cases of incident prostate cancer, including 118 lethal and 127 advanced cases. Four percent of men reported sleeping 5 h or less a night, and 2% reported sleeping 9 h or more per night. We found no association between sleep duration and risk of prostate cancer overall or for advanced/lethal disease. We also did not find an association between prostate cancer and sleep disruption, as defined by difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, sleep quality, and restorative power of sleep. Conclusions: In this large prospective study from Sweden, we found no association between habitual sleep duration or sleep disruption and risk of prostate cancer.
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| 5. |
- Markt, Sarah C., et al.
(författare)
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Sniffing out significant "Pee values" : genome wide association study of asparagus anosmia
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. - London, United Kingdom : B M J Group. - 1756-1833. ; 355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the inherited factors associated with the ability to smell asparagus metabolites in urine.Design: Genome wide association study.Sstting: Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study cohorts.Participants: 6909 men and women of European-American descent with available genetic data from genome wide association studies.Main outcome measure: Participants were characterized as asparagus smellers if they strongly agreed with the prompt "after eating asparagus, you notice a strong characteristic odor in your urine," and anosmic if otherwise. We calculated per-allele estimates of asparagus anosmia for about nine million single nucleotide polymorphisms using logistic regression. P values <5×10(-8) were considered as genome wide significant.Results: 58.0% of men (n=1449/2500) and 61.5% of women (n=2712/4409) had anosmia. 871 single nucleotide polymorphisms reached genome wide significance for asparagus anosmia, all in a region on chromosome 1 (1q44: 248139851-248595299) containing multiple genes in the olfactory receptor 2 (OR2) family. Conditional analyses revealed three independent markers associated with asparagus anosmia: rs13373863, rs71538191, and rs6689553.Conclusion: A large proportion of people have asparagus anosmia. Genetic variation near multiple olfactory receptor genes is associated with the ability of an individual to smell the metabolites of asparagus in urine. Future replication studies are necessary before considering targeted therapies to help anosmic people discover what they are missing.
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| 6. |
- Pernar, Claire H., et al.
(författare)
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A Walking Intervention Among Men With Prostate Cancer : A Pilot Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer. - New York, USA : Elsevier. - 1558-7673 .- 1938-0682. ; 15:6, s. e1021-e1028
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Men diagnosed with prostate cancer have increased risk of disease progression, cardiovascular events, and quality of life impairments. Men with a recent diagnosis randomly assigned to a walking group intervention maintained 10,000 steps per day and experienced improvement in cardiovascular biomarkers compared with usual care. A larger walking group intervention is needed to investigate its potential for improvement in longterm outcomes.BACKGROUND: Men diagnosed with prostate cancer have increased risk for disease progression, cardiovascular events, and impairments in quality of life. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a randomized walking group intervention to improve quality of life, circulating biomarkers, and morbidity among men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer.METHODS: Men were recruited at Örebro University Hospital, Sweden, and randomized to an 11-week walking group intervention (n = 21) or usual care (n = 20). The intervention included weekly 1-hour walking group sessions and maintenance of 10,000 steps/day. Outcomes were changes in body composition, clinical factors, biomarkers of cardiovascular health, and quality of life between baseline and end of study. Analysis of covariance was used to compare outcomes in each group adjusted for baseline values.RESULTS: All 41 men randomized completed the 11-week trial. Men assigned to the intervention walked on average 10,644 steps/day, and 92% reported missing 2 or fewer sessions. Both groups experienced similar weight loss at 11 weeks. Men in the intervention had a significant adjusted mean change in high-density lipoprotein of 0.14 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.27; P = .04), and suggestive adjusted mean changes in low-density lipoprotein of -0.22 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.47 to 0.03; P = .08) and in systolic blood pressure of -8.5 mm Hg (95% CI, -21.2 to 4.2; P = .18), compared with the usual care group.CONCLUSIONS: A walking group intervention among men with recent diagnosis of prostate cancer is feasible and potentially effective in improving cardiovascular health. A larger randomized trial of longer duration is required to elucidate its potential for improvement in longer term outcomes.
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| 7. |
- Preston, Mark A., et al.
(författare)
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Baseline Prostate-specific Antigen Level in Midlife and Aggressive Prostate Cancer in Black Men
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838. ; 75:3, s. 399-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement in midlife predicts long-term prostate cancer (PCa) mortality among white men. Objective: To determine whether baseline PSA level during midlife predicts risk of aggressive PCa in black men. Design, setting, and participants: Nested case-control study among black men in the Southern Community Cohort Study recruited between 2002 and 2009. A prospective cohort in the southeastern USA with recruitment from community health centers. A total of 197 incident PCa patients aged 40–64 yr at study entry and 569 controls matched on age, date of blood draw, and site of enrollment. Total PSA was measured in blood collected and stored at enrollment. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Total and aggressive PCa (91 aggressive: Gleason ≥7, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III/IV, or PCa-specific death). Exact conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PCa by category of baseline PSA. Results and limitations: Median PSA among controls was 0.72, 0.80, 0.94, and 1.03 ng/ml for age groups 40–49, 50–54, 55–59, and 60–64 yr, respectively; 90th percentile levels were 1.68, 1.85, 2.73, and 3.33 ng/ml. Furthermore, 95% of total and 97% of aggressive cases had baseline PSA above the age-specific median. Median follow-up was 9 yr. The OR for total PCa comparing PSA >90th percentile versus ≤median was 83.6 (95% CI, 21.2–539) for 40–54 yr and 71.7 (95% CI, 23.3–288) for 55–64 yr. For aggressive cancer, ORs were 174 (95% CI, 32.3–infinity) for 40–54 yr and 51.8 (95% CI, 11.0–519) for 55–64 yr. A composite endpoint of aggressive PCa based on stage, grade, and mortality was used and is a limitation. Conclusions: PSA levels in midlife strongly predicted total and aggressive PCa among black men. PSA levels among controls were similar to those among white controls in prior studies. Patient summary: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level during midlife strongly predicted future development of aggressive prostate cancer among black men. Targeted screening based on a midlife PSA might identify men at high risk while minimizing screening in those men at low risk. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level during midlife strongly predicted total and aggressive prostate cancer among black men. Risk-stratified screening based on midlife PSA might retain the benefits of screening while reducing harms.
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| 8. |
- Sigurdardottir, Lara G., et al.
(författare)
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Pineal Gland Volume Assessed by MRI and Its Correlation with 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin Levels among Older Men
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Rhythms. - Thousand Oaks, USA : Sage Publications. - 0748-7304 .- 1552-4531. ; 31:5, s. 461-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pineal gland produces the hormone melatonin, and its volume may influence melatonin levels. We describe an innovative method for estimating pineal volume in humans and present the association of pineal parenchyma volume with levels of the primary melatonin metabolite, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. We selected a random sample of 122 older Icelandic men nested within the AGES-Reykjavik cohort and measured their total pineal volume, their parenchyma volume, and the extent of calcification and cysts. For volume estimations we used manual segmentation of magnetic resonance images in the axial plane with simultaneous side-by-side view of the sagittal and coronal plane. We used multivariable adjusted linear regression models to estimate the association of pineal parenchyma volume and baseline characteristics, including 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels. We used logistic regression to test for differences in first morning urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels among men with or without cystic or calcified glands. The pineal glands varied in volume, shape, and composition. Cysts were present in 59% of the glands and calcifications in 21%. The mean total pineal volume measured 207 mm(3) (range 65-536 mm(3)) and parenchyma volume 178 mm(3) (range 65-503 mm(3)). In multivariable-adjusted models, pineal parenchyma volume was positively correlated with 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels (β = 0.52, p < 0.001). Levels of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin did not differ significantly by presence of cysts or calcification. By using an innovative method for pineal assessment, we found pineal parenchyma volume to be positively correlated with 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels, in line with other recent studies.
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| 9. |
- Sigurdardottir, Lara G., et al.
(författare)
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Urinary melatonin levels, sleep disruption, and risk of prostate cancer in elderly men
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 67:2, s. 191-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melatonin has anticarcinogenic properties in experimental models. We undertook a case-cohort study of 928 Icelandic men without prostate cancer (PCa) nested within the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik cohort to investigate the prospective association between first morning-void urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) levels and the subsequent risk for PCa, under the hypothesis that men with lower aMT6s levels have an increased risk for advanced PCa. We used weighted Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between first morning-void aMT6s levels and PCa risk, adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 111 men were diagnosed with incident PCa, including 24 with advanced disease. Men who reported sleep problems at baseline had lower morning aMT6s levels compared with those who reported no sleep problems. Men with morning aMT6s levels below the median had a fourfold statistically significant increased risk for advanced disease compared with men with levels above the median (hazard ratio: 4.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-12.98). These results require replication in larger prospective studies with longer follow-up.Patient summary: In this report, we evaluated the prospective association between urinary aMT6s levels and risk of PCa in an Icelandic population. We found that lower levels of aMT6s were associated with an increased risk for advanced PCa.
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| 10. |
- Wilson, Kathryn M, et al.
(författare)
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Snus use, smoking and survival among prostate cancer patients.
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 139:12, s. 2753-2759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking is associated with prostate cancer mortality. The Scandinavian smokeless tobacco product snus is a source of nicotine but not the combustion products of smoke and has not been studied with respect to prostate cancer survival. The study is nested among 9,582 men with incident prostate cancer within a prospective cohort of 336,381 Swedish construction workers. Information on tobacco use was collected at study entry between 1971 and 1992, and categorized into (i) never users of any tobacco, (ii) exclusive snus: ever users of snus only, (iii) exclusive smokers: ever smokers (cigarette, cigar and/or pipe) only and (iv) ever users of both snus and smoking. Hazard ratios for prostate cancer-specific and total mortality for smoking and snus use based on Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, calendar period at diagnosis and body mass index at baseline. During 36 years of follow-up, 4,758 patients died-2,489 due to prostate cancer. Compared to never users of tobacco, exclusive smokers were at increased risk of prostate cancer mortality (HR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05-1.27) and total mortality (HR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09-1.26). Exclusive snus users also had increased risks for prostate cancer mortality (HR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-1.49) and total mortality (HR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04-1.37). Among men diagnosed with nonmetastatic disease, the HR for prostate cancer death among exclusive snus users was 3.17 (95% CI: 1.66-6.06). The study is limited by a single assessment of tobacco use prior to diagnosis. Snus use was associated with increased risks of prostate cancer and total mortality among prostate cancer patients. This suggests that tobacco-related components such as nicotine or tobacco-specific carcinogens may promote cancer progression independent of tobacco's combustion products.
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