| 1. |
- Granville, S, et al.
(författare)
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Optical conductivity and x-ray absorption and emission study of the band structure of MnN films
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 72:20, s. 205127-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The band structure of MnN films prepared by ion assisted deposition has been investigated by optical conductivity and x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies. X-ray diffraction and extended x-ray absorption fine structure show the films to be nanocrystalline but phase pure and exhibiting the known antiferromagnetic distorted rocksalt phase. X-ray emission spectroscopy of the N K-edge and x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy of both the N K- and Mn L-edges are used to probe the occupied and empty densities of states, which compare well with the N(2p) and Mn(3d) partial densities of states calculated using the linearized muffin-tin orbital band structure method. A similar comparison is made between the measured optical conductivity and the calculated contribution from interband transitions. It is possible to associate the main features in the measured spectrum with corresponding ones in the calculated optical function. The major differences between calculated and measured spectra can be understood on the basis of a limited electron mean-free-path in these nanocrystalline films, which broadens the features in the joint density of states and relaxes the momentum conservation requirement. The calculated optical functions are analyzed in detail in terms of their dominant band-to-band contributions and in addition the polarization dependence is predicted. Temperature dependent conductivity measurements are also reported and show a clear metallic behavior and a weak Kondo-like low temperature anomaly.
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| 2. |
- Gessner, Klaus, et al.
(författare)
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What caused the denudation of the Menderes Massif : Review of crustal evolution, lithosphere structure, and dynamic topography in southwest Turkey
- 2013
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Ingår i: Gondwana Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1342-937X .- 1878-0571. ; 24:1, s. 243-274
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deformation of Earth's lithosphere in orogenic belts is largely forced externally by the sinking slab, but can also be driven by internal delamination processes caused by mechanical instabilities. Here we present an integrated analysis of geophysical and geological data to show how these processes can act contemporaneously and in close proximity to each other, along a lithosphere scale discontinuity that defines the lateral boundary between the Hellenide and Anatolide segments of the Tethyan orogen in western Turkey. The Hellenides and Anatolides have experienced similar rates of convergence, but display remarkable differences in the structure of Earth's crust and lithospheric mantle across the Aegean coast of the Anatolian peninsula. We review the tectonics of southwest Turkey in the light of new and published data on crustal structure, cooling history, topography evolution, gravity, Moho topography, earthquake distribution and seismic tomography. Geological data constrain that one of Earth's largest metamorphic core complexes, the Menderes Massif, experienced early Miocene tectonic denudation and surface uplift in the footwall of a north-directed extensional detachment system, followed by late Miocene to recent fragmentation by E-W and NW-SE trending graben systems. Gravity data, earthquake locations and seismic velocity anomalies highlight a north-south oriented boundary in the upper mantle between a fast slab below the Aegean and a slow asthenospheric region below western Turkey. Based on the interpretation of geological and geophysical data we propose that the tectonic denudation of the Menderes Massif and the delamination of its subcontinental lithospheric mantle reflect the late Oligocene/early Miocene onset of transtension along a lithosphere scale shear zone, the West Anatolia Transfer Zone (WATZ). We argue that the WATZ localised along the boundary of the Adriatic and Anatolian lithospheric domains in the Miocene, when southward rollback of the Aegean slab started to affect the central Aegean-Menderes portion of the Tethyan orogen. Transtension across the West Anatolia Transfer Zone affected the entire Menderes Massif in the Early Miocene. The current crustal expression of this boundary is a NNE-trending, distributed brittle deformation zone that localised at the western margin of the denuded massif. Here, sinistral transtension accommodates the continuing velocity difference between relatively slow removal of lithospheric mantle below western Anatolia and trench retreat in the rapidly extending Aegean Sea region. Our review highlights the significance of lateral variations of the lower plate in subduction-collision systems for evolving structure and surface processes in orogenic belts, particularly in relation to the formation of continental plateaux and metamorphic core complexes.
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| 3. |
- Zhang, Weijie, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of relative humidity on eddy covariance latent heat flux measurements and its implication for partitioning into transpiration and evaporation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-1923. ; 330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the eddy covariance (EC) technique is a well-established method for measuring water fluxes (i.e., evaporation or 'evapotranspiration’, ET), the measurement is susceptible to many uncertainties. One such issue is the potential underestimation of ET when relative humidity (RH) is high (>70%), due to low-pass filtering with some EC systems. Yet, this underestimation for different types of EC systems (e.g. open-path or closed-path sensors) has not been characterized for synthesis datasets such as the widely used FLUXNET2015 dataset. Here, we assess the RH-associated underestimation of latent heat fluxes (LE, or ET) from different EC systems for 163 sites in the FLUXNET2015 dataset. We found that the LE underestimation is most apparent during hours when RH is higher than 70%, predominantly observed at sites using closed-path EC systems, but the extent of the LE underestimation is highly site-specific. We then propose a machine learning based method to correct for this underestimation, and compare it to two energy balance closure based LE correction approaches (Bowen ratio correction, BRC, and attributing all errors to LE). Our correction increases LE by 189% for closed-path sites at high RH (>90%), while BRC increases LE by around 30% for all RH conditions. Additionally, we assess the influence of these corrections on ET-based transpiration (T) estimates using two different ET partitioning methods. Results show opposite responses (increasing vs. slightly decreasing T-to-ET ratios, T/ET) between the two methods when comparing T based on corrected and uncorrected LE. Overall, our results demonstrate the existence of a high RH bias in water fluxes in the FLUXNET2015 dataset and suggest that this bias is a pronounced source of uncertainty in ET measurements to be considered when estimating ecosystem T/ET and WUE.
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