| 1. |
- Akiba, K., et al.
(författare)
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LHC forward physics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 43:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Fernandez, J. L. Abelleira, et al.
(författare)
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A Large Hadron Electron Collider at CERN
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 39:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Teixeira, J., et al.
(författare)
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Tropical and Subtropical Cloud Transitions in Weather and Climate Prediction Models : The GCSS/WGNE Pacific Cross-Section Intercomparison (GPCI)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Climate. - 0894-8755 .- 1520-0442. ; 24:20, s. 5223-5256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model evaluation approach is proposed in which weather and climate prediction models are analyzed along a Pacific Ocean cross section, from the stratocumulus regions off the coast of California, across the shallow convection dominated trade winds, to the deep convection regions of the ITCZ-the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Cloud System Study/Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (GCSS/WGNE) Pacific Cross-Section Intercomparison (GPCI). The main goal of GPCI is to evaluate and help understand and improve the representation of tropical and subtropical cloud processes in weather and climate prediction models. In this paper, a detailed analysis of cloud regime transitions along the cross section from the subtropics to the tropics for the season June-July-August of 1998 is presented. This GPCI study confirms many of the typical weather and climate prediction model problems in the representation of clouds: underestimation of clouds in the stratocumulus regime by most models with the corresponding consequences in terms of shortwave radiation biases; overestimation of clouds by the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) in the deep tropics (in particular) with the corresponding impact in the outgoing longwave radiation; large spread between the different models in terms of cloud cover, liquid water path and shortwave radiation; significant differences between the models in terms of vertical cross sections of cloud properties (in particular), vertical velocity, and relative humidity. An alternative analysis of cloud cover mean statistics is proposed where sharp gradients in cloud cover along the GPCI transect are taken into account. This analysis shows that the negative cloud bias of some models and ERA-40 in the stratocumulus regions [as compared to the first International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP)] is associated not only with lower values of cloud cover in these regimes, but also with a stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition that occurs too early along the trade wind Lagrangian trajectory. Histograms of cloud cover along the cross section differ significantly between models. Some models exhibit a quasi-bimodal structure with cloud cover being either very large (close to 100%) or very small, while other models show a more continuous transition. The ISCCP observations suggest that reality is in-between these two extreme examples. These different patterns reflect the diverse nature of the cloud, boundary layer, and convection parameterizations in the participating weather and climate prediction models.
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| 4. |
- Belda, E., et al.
(författare)
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Impairment of gut microbial biotin metabolism and host biotin status in severe obesity: effect of biotin and prebiotic supplementation on improved metabolism
- 2022
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 71:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Gut microbiota is a key component in obesity and type 2 diabetes, yet mechanisms and metabolites central to this interaction remain unclear. We examined the human gut microbiome's functional composition in healthy metabolic state and the most severe states of obesity and type 2 diabetes within the MetaCardis cohort. We focused on the role of B vitamins and B7/B8 biotin for regulation of host metabolic state, as these vitamins influence both microbial function and host metabolism and inflammation. Design We performed metagenomic analyses in 1545 subjects from the MetaCardis cohorts and different murine experiments, including germ-free and antibiotic treated animals, faecal microbiota transfer, bariatric surgery and supplementation with biotin and prebiotics in mice. Results Severe obesity is associated with an absolute deficiency in bacterial biotin producers and transporters, whose abundances correlate with host metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes. We found suboptimal circulating biotin levels in severe obesity and altered expression of biotin-associated genes in human adipose tissue. In mice, the absence or depletion of gut microbiota by antibiotics confirmed the microbial contribution to host biotin levels. Bariatric surgery, which improves metabolism and inflammation, associates with increased bacterial biotin producers and improved host systemic biotin in humans and mice. Finally, supplementing high-fat diet-fed mice with fructo-oligosaccharides and biotin improves not only the microbiome diversity, but also the potential of bacterial production of biotin and B vitamins, while limiting weight gain and glycaemic deterioration. Conclusion Strategies combining biotin and prebiotic supplementation could help prevent the deterioration of metabolic states in severe obesity.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Chatzikonstantinou, T, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients with CLL: an update of the international ERIC and Campus CLL study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5551 .- 0887-6924. ; 35:12, s. 3444-3454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may be more susceptible to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to age, disease, and treatment-related immunosuppression. We aimed to assess risk factors of outcome and elucidate the impact of CLL-directed treatments on the course of COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective, international study, collectively including 941 patients with CLL and confirmed COVID-19. Data from the beginning of the pandemic until March 16, 2021, were collected from 91 centers. The risk factors of case fatality rate (CFR), disease severity, and overall survival (OS) were investigated. OS analysis was restricted to patients with severe COVID-19 (definition: hospitalization with need of oxygen or admission into an intensive care unit). CFR in patients with severe COVID-19 was 38.4%. OS was inferior for patients in all treatment categories compared to untreated (p < 0.001). Untreated patients had a lower risk of death (HR = 0.54, 95% CI:0.41–0.72). The risk of death was higher for older patients and those suffering from cardiac failure (HR = 1.03, 95% CI:1.02–1.04; HR = 1.79, 95% CI:1.04–3.07, respectively). Age, CLL-directed treatment, and cardiac failure were significant risk factors of OS. Untreated patients had a better chance of survival than those on treatment or recently treated.
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| 7. |
- Hatta, Y., et al.
(författare)
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A QCD description of the ATLAS jet veto measurement
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 87:5, s. 054016-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new QCD description of the ATLAS jet veto measurement, using the Banfi-Marchesini-Smye equation to constrain the interjet QCD radiation. This equation resums emissions of soft gluons at large angles, at leading-logarithmic accuracy, and accounts for both the so-called Sudakov and nonglobal logarithms. We show that this approach is able to reproduce, with no fitting parameters, the fraction of high-p(T) forward-backward dijet events which do not contain additional hard emissions in the interjet rapidity range. We also compute the gap fraction in fixed-order perturbation theory to O(alpha(2)(s)) and show that the perturbative series is unstable at large rapidity intervals.
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| 8. |
- Marquet, C., et al.
(författare)
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Probing the Pomeron structure using dijets and gamma plus jet events at the LHC
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 88:7, s. 074029-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider hard diffractive events in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, in which both protons escape the collision intact. In such double Pomeron exchange processes, we propose to measure dijets and photon-jet final states, and we show that it has the potential to pin down the Pomeron quark and gluon contents, a crucial ingredient in the standard QCD description of hard diffraction. By comparing with predictions of the soft color interaction approach, we also show that more generally, the measurement of the photon-jet to dijet cross section ratio can put a stringent test on the QCD dynamics at play in diffractive processes in hadronic collisions.
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| 9. |
- Fermoso, F. G., et al.
(författare)
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Fate of trace metals in anaerobic digestion
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biogas science and technology. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319219936 - 9783319219929 ; , s. 171-195
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A challenging, and largely uncharted, area of research in the field of anaerobic digestion science and technology is in understanding the roles of trace metals in enabling biogas production. This is a major knowledge gap and a multifaceted problem involving metal chemistry; physical interactions of metal and solids; microbiology; and technology optimization. Moreover, the fate of trace metals, and the chemical speciation and transport of trace metals in environments often agricultural lands receiving discharge waters from anaerobic digestion processes simultaneously represents challenges for environmental protection and opportunities to close process loops in anaerobic digestion.
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| 10. |
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