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DIY urbanism in Africa : politics and practice
- 2024
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protracted economic crises, accelerating inequalities, and increased resource scarcity present significant challenges for the majority of Africa's urban population. Limited state capacity and widespread infrastructure deficiencies common in cities across the continent often require residents to draw on their own resources, knowledge, and expertise to resolve these life and livelihood dilemmas.DIY Urbanism in Africa investigates these practices. It develops a theoretical framework through which to analyze them, and it presents a series of case studies to demonstrate how residents invent new DIY tactics and strategies in response to security, place-making, or economic problems.This book offers a timely critical intervention into literatures on urban development and politics in Africa. It is valuable to students, policymakers, and urban practitioners keen to understand the mechanisms and political implications of widespread dynamics now shaping Africa's expanding urban environments.
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| 2. |
- Edwards, Robert A., et al.
(författare)
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Global phylogeography and ancient evolution of the widespread human gut virus crAssphage
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-5276. ; 4:10, s. 1727-1736
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbiomes are vast communities of microorganisms and viruses that populate all natural ecosystems. Viruses have been considered to be the most variable component of microbiomes, as supported by virome surveys and examples of high genomic mosaicism. However, recent evidence suggests that the human gut virome is remarkably stable compared with that of other environments. Here, we investigate the origin, evolution and epidemiology of crAssphage, a widespread human gut virus. Through a global collaboration, we obtained DNA sequences of crAssphage from more than one-third of the world's countries and showed that the phylogeography of crAssphage is locally clustered within countries, cities and individuals. We also found fully colinear crAssphage-like genomes in both Old-World and New-World primates, suggesting that the association of crAssphage with primates may be millions of years old. Finally, by exploiting a large cohort of more than 1,000 individuals, we tested whether crAssphage is associated with bacterial taxonomic groups of the gut microbiome, diverse human health parameters and a wide range of dietary factors. We identified strong correlations with different clades of bacteria that are related to Bacteroidetes and weak associations with several diet categories, but no significant association with health or disease. We conclude that crAssphage is a benign cosmopolitan virus that may have coevolved with the human lineage and is an integral part of the normal human gut virome.
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- Marr, Stephen
(författare)
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‘A town new and modern in conception’ : non-racial dreams and racial realities in the making of Gaborone, Botswana
- 2019
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Ingår i: Social Identities. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1350-4630 .- 1363-0296. ; 25:1, s. 41-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Botswana has long been praised for its financial and political achievements. High economic growth rates and uninterrupted democratic governance since independence in 1966 have led to Botswana's labeling as the ‘African Miracle’. Long before Botswana's emergence as a darling of Western development agencies however, Tswana elites and colonial officials also saw Botswana as exceptional: surrounded by states divided along racial lines, these individuals sought to construct a nation organized around principles of racial and tribal unity. Aspirations of non-racialism were to be exemplified in Botswana's newly constructed capital city, Gaborone. At the same time, underlying the planning vision for Gaborone was a competing set of narratives, practices and aspirations that undercut these lofty ideals and resulted in the creation of a city highly stratified by racial segregation. This essay identifies three complementary urban planning rationales that produced urban exclusion in Gaborone: the desire to build Gaborone as an administrative capital, borrowing from both colonial and indigenous Tswana traditions that privileged spatial divisions related to status and race, and the goal to build a ‘modern’ urban center to lead Botswana into the future. These tensions divided the city in ways both familiar and unexpected and set the parameters determining who counts as a legitimate resident of the city. The paper, therefore, seeks to explore how a city founded on an ideal of racial unity instead became a site of stark division(s).
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| 8. |
- Marr, Stephen, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusion : DIY Urbanism as Politics of Interruption
- 2024
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Ingår i: DIY Urbanism in Africa. - London, UK : Bloomsbury Academic. - 9781786999016 - 9781786999023 - 9781786999030 - 9781786999061 - 9781350237537
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Marr, Stephen
(författare)
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Contextualizing Conflict : Trends and Challenges in the Syrian Civil War
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Organizations and the Implementation of the Responsibility to Protect. - : Routledge. - 9781138891265 - 9781315709642 ; , s. 37-53
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter discusses some of the primary security dilemmas and challenges posed by the civil war that will need to be confronted by international organizations or states compelled to intervene and/or assist in the resolution of this crisis in Syria. The chapter describes the challenges of stopping the current violence in Syria, and the more daunting task of preventing a further conflagration. The chapter also provides some sense of the scope and timeline of the Syrian conflict along with some of the immediate security challenges that need to be grappled with before any engagements of the conflict will be successful. It also notes whether the events are of apportion blame or re-litigate the arguments for American military and administrative intervention presented at this stage and highlights the dramatic and horrifying moments in Syrian civil war.
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| 10. |
- Marr, Stephen
(författare)
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“If you are with ten, only two will be Batswana” : nation-making and the public discourse of paranoia in Botswana
- 2012
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of African Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0008-3968 .- 1923-3051. ; 46:1, s. 65-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recurrent anxiety in contemporary Botswana is the perception of an immediate threat from external forces: strangers, livestock, and disease. How do the state and its citizens react under these conditions? The following article explores this question in the context of globalization, discourses of autochthony, and the blood-based politics of population management in Botswana. In recent years, Batswana increasingly see themselves as a nation under siege from foreigners, and in particular, newly arrived migrants from Zimbabwe. Under pressure from outside, Botswana citizens fear the loss of their physical homeland and the denigration of their collective identity and sense of morality. Through a reading of publications in the print media, I examine the articulation of the rhetoric of invasion and national paranoia that has taken root in Botswana. Although the presumption of assault by outsiders is said to threaten the existence of the Batswana nation through the erosion of the supposedly distinct boundaries between citizen and stranger, these apprehensions also carry a potent creative potential. I argue that, in an environment of economic uncertainty and ethnic instability, the specter of the stranger/Zimbabwean is used to reconfigure the content and emphasis of citizenship in Botswana.
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