| 1. |
- Aguirre-Palafox, Erick Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Zircon provenance analysis from Lower Paleocene pelagic limestones of the Bottaccione section at Gubbio (Umbria-Marche basin, Italy)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geological Society of America. Special Papers. - : Geological Society of America. - 0072-1077. ; 542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dating detrital zircon grains from sands and sandstones has become an important geological technique for determining sediment provenance and dispersal patterns. Here, we report what we believe to be the first provenance study of zircon grains extracted by dissolving large samples of pelagic limestone. Our samples come from the Paleocene section of the Umbria-Marche Apennines, Italy. Recovery of these zircon grains was a fortunate by-product of a study on chromite grains aimed to determine the kinds of meteorites that have fallen on Earth through time. The zircons we recovered included both euhedral crystals interpreted as airborne ash from volcanic eruptions of the same age as the sediment in which they were found, and rounded grains interpreted as windblown detrital material with a history of sediment transport, probably derived from desert regions. This study focuses on the rounded grains, to provide constraints on the source region from which they came.Samples from five levels in the 12 m immediately above the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary at Gubbio, Italy, yielded detrital zircon grains with ages clustered in eight bands extending back to the Neoarchean. A previous study of this outcrop using proxies for the noncarbonate detrital content had suggested a source region for this dust either in North Africa or in Central Asia. A comparison of our dates from the actual dust grains to geochronological studies from the literature suggests source regions in North Africa and/or the Iberian Peninsula, rather than in Central Asia. In reaching this conclusion, we considered the orogenic events that may have produced each of the eight age bands, the specific source regions that may have supplied zircons from each age group, and the implications for paleoclimate (especially aridity) and paleowind conditions for the few million years just after the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Ellinor, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Smartphone Dispatch of Volunteer Responders on Automated External Defibrillators and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests : The SAMBA Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: JAMA cardiology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2380-6583 .- 2380-6591. ; 8:1, s. 81-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Smartphone dispatch of volunteer responders to nearby out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) has emerged in several emergency medical services, but no randomized clinical trials have evaluated the effect on bystander use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs).Objective To evaluate if bystander AED use could be increased by smartphone-aided dispatch of lay volunteer responders with instructions to collect nearby AEDs compared with instructions to go directly to patients with OHCAs to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial assessed a system for smartphone dispatch of volunteer responders to individuals experiencing OHCAs that was triggered at emergency dispatch centers in response to suspected OHCAs and randomized 1:1. The study was conducted in 2 main Swedish regions: Stockholm and Västra Götaland between December 2018 and January 2020. At study start, there were 3123 AEDs in Stockholm and 3195 in Västra Götaland and 24 493 volunteer responders in Stockholm and 19 117 in Västra Götaland. All OHCAs in which the volunteer responder system was activated by dispatchers were included. Excluded were patients with no OHCAs, those with OHCAs not treated by the emergency medical services, and those with OHCAs witnessed by the emergency medical services.Interventions Volunteer responders were alerted through the volunteer responder system smartphone application and received map-aided instructions to retrieve nearest available public AEDs on their way to the OHCAs. The control arm included volunteer responders who were instructed to go directly to the OHCAs to perform CPR.Main Outcomes and Measures Overall bystander AED attachment, including those attached by volunteer responders and lay volunteers who did not use the smartphone application.Results Volunteer responders were activated for 947 patients with OHCAs. Of those, 461 were randomized to the intervention group (median [IQR] age of patients, 73 [61-81] years; 295 male patients [65.3%]) and 486 were randomized to the control group (median [IQR] age of patients, 73 [63-82] years; 312 male patients [65.3%]). Primary outcome of AED attachment occurred in 61 patients (13.2%) in the intervention arm vs 46 patients (9.5%) in the control arm (difference, 3.8% [95% CI, −0.3% to 7.9%]; P = .08). The majority of AEDs were attached by lay volunteers who were not using the smartphone application (37 in intervention arm, 28 in control). There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes. Among the volunteer responders using the application, crossover was 11% and compliance to instructions was 31%. Volunteer responders attached 38% (41 of 107) of all AEDs and provided 45% (16 of 36) of all defibrillations and 43% (293 of 666) of all CPR.Conclusions and Relevance In this study, smartphone dispatch of volunteer responders to OHCAs to retrieve nearby AEDs vs instructions to directly perform CPR did not significantly increase volunteer AED use. High baseline AED attachement rate and crossover may explain why the difference was not significant.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02992873
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| 3. |
- Berglund, Ellinor, et al.
(författare)
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Wellbeing, emotional response and stress among lay responders dispatched to suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrests
- 2022
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 170, s. 352-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Systems for smartphone dispatch of lay responders to perform cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and bring automated external defibrillators to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) are advocated by recent international guidelines and emerging worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the emotional responses, posttraumatic stress reactions and levels of wellbeing among smartphone-alerted lay responders dispatched to suspected OHCAs. Methods: Lay responders were stratified by level of exposure: unexposed (Exp-0), tried to reach (Exp-1), and reached the suspected OHCA (Exp-2). Participants rated their emotional responses online, at 90 minutes and at 4–6 weeks after an incident. Level of emotional response was measured in two dimensions of core affect: “alertness” – from deactivation to activation, and “pleasantness” – from unpleasant to pleasant. At 4–6 weeks, WHO wellbeing index and level of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) were also rated. Results: Altogether, 915 (28%) unexposed and 1471 (64%) exposed responders completed the survey. Alertness was elevated in the exposed groups: Exp-0: 6.7 vs. Exp-1: 7.3 and Exp-2: 7.5, (p < 0.001) and pleasantness was highest in the unexposed group: 6.5, vs. Exp-1: 6.3, and Exp-2: 6.1, (p < 0.001). Mean scores for PTSD at follow-up was below clinical cut-off, Exp-0: 9.9, Exp-1: 8.9 and Exp-2: 8.8 (p = 0.065). Wellbeing index showed no differences, Exp-0: 78.0, Exp-1: 78.5 and Exp-2: 79.9 (p = 0.596). Conclusion: Smartphone dispatched lay responders rated the experience as high-energy and mainly positive. No harm to the lay responders was seen. The exposed groups had low posttraumatic stress scores and high-level general wellbeing at follow-up. © 2021
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| 4. |
- Boschi, Samuele, et al.
(författare)
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The micrometeorite flux to Earth during the earliest Paleogene reconstructed in the Bottaccione section (Umbrian Apennines), Italy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Meteoritics and Planetary Science. - : Wiley. - 1086-9379 .- 1945-5100. ; 55:7, s. 1615-1628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on sediment-dispersed extraterrestrial spinel grains in the Bottaccione limestone section in Italy, we reconstructed the micrometeorite flux to Earth during the early Paleocene. From a total of 843 kg of limestone, 86 extraterrestrial spinel grains (12 grains > 63 μm, and 74 in the 32–63 μm fraction) have been recovered. Our results indicate that the micrometeorite flux was not elevated during the early Paleocene. Ordinary chondrites dominated over achondritic meteorites similar to the recent flux, but H chondrites dominated over L and LL chondrites (69%, 22%, and 9%, respectively). This H-chondrite dominance is similar to that recorded within an enigmatic 3He anomaly (70, 27, and 3%) in the Turonian, but different from just before this 3He anomaly and in the early Cretaceous, where ratios are similar to the recent flux (~45%, 45%, and 10%). The K-Ar isotopic ages of recently fallen H chondrites indicate a small impact event on the H-chondrite parent body ~50 to 100 Ma ago. We tentatively suggest that this event is recorded by the Turonian 3He anomaly, resulting in an H-chondrite dominance up to the Paleocene. Our sample spanning the 20 cm above the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary did not yield any spinel grains related to the K–Pg boundary impactor.
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| 7. |
- Engström, Ellinor, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome of iCBT for ADHD symptoms : A randomized controlled study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Abstracts from the 12th Swedish Congress on internet interventions (SWEsrii), Uppsala University, Sweden. ; , s. 2-2
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a disorder characterized by, hyperactivity, impulsivity, lack of attention.The condition results in several impairments that can impair everyday functioning and lead to underperformance. At present, there are not many large scale studies that have investigated the effect of Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT) for ADHD symptoms. This study presents the outcome of a clinical trial of internet- based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT), using a randomized controlled study design, with the primary aim to increase quality of life, as well as to reduce symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, depression, and stress. Approximately a hundred participants with symptoms of ADHD will be included in the first wave (recruitment for the second wave comprised of an additional 100 participants is ongoing) and randomized to two conditions (treatment and wait-list control). The treatment period is comprised of ten weeks, with two mandatory modules and ten modules from which the participants can choose freely. The study utilizes an intention to treat design, with ANOVAs and Reliable Change Index to evaluate treatment effects both on an individual and group level. Implications for iCBT for ADHD symptoms will be discussed.
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| 8. |
- Lahrouchi, Najim, et al.
(författare)
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Transethnic Genome-Wide Association Study Provides Insights in the Genetic Architecture and Heritability of Long QT Syndrome
- 2020
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 142:4, s. 324-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a rare genetic disorder and a major preventable cause of sudden cardiac death in the young. A causal rare genetic variant with large effect size is identified in up to 80% of probands (genotype positive) and cascade family screening shows incomplete penetrance of genetic variants. Furthermore, a proportion of cases meeting diagnostic criteria for LQTS remain genetically elusive despite genetic testing of established genes (genotype negative). These observations raise the possibility that common genetic variants with small effect size contribute to the clinical picture of LQTS. This study aimed to characterize and quantify the contribution of common genetic variation to LQTS disease susceptibility. Methods: We conducted genome-wide association studies followed by transethnic meta-analysis in 1656 unrelated patients with LQTS of European or Japanese ancestry and 9890 controls to identify susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms. We estimated the common variant heritability of LQTS and tested the genetic correlation between LQTS susceptibility and other cardiac traits. Furthermore, we tested the aggregate effect of the 68 single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with the QT-interval in the general population using a polygenic risk score. Results: Genome-wide association analysis identified 3 loci associated with LQTS at genome-wide statistical significance (P<5x10(-8)) nearNOS1AP,KCNQ1, andKLF12, and 1 missense variant inKCNE1(p.Asp85Asn) at the suggestive threshold (P<10(-6)). Heritability analyses showed that approximate to 15% of variance in overall LQTS susceptibility was attributable to common genetic variation (h2SNP0.148; standard error 0.019). LQTS susceptibility showed a strong genome-wide genetic correlation with the QT-interval in the general population (r(g)=0.40;P=3.2x10(-3)). The polygenic risk score comprising common variants previously associated with the QT-interval in the general population was greater in LQTS cases compared with controls (P<10-13), and it is notable that, among patients with LQTS, this polygenic risk score was greater in patients who were genotype negative compared with those who were genotype positive (P<0.005). Conclusions: This work establishes an important role for common genetic variation in susceptibility to LQTS. We demonstrate overlap between genetic control of the QT-interval in the general population and genetic factors contributing to LQTS susceptibility. Using polygenic risk score analyses aggregating common genetic variants that modulate the QT-interval in the general population, we provide evidence for a polygenic architecture in genotype negative LQTS.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lindskog, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Mollusk maxima and marine events in the Middle Ordovician of Baltoscandia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-616X .- 0031-0182. ; 440, s. 53-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Except for the scattered cephalopod conchs that have given the rock type its name, mollusk fossils are relatively rare in the Middle Ordovician 'orthoceratite limestone' of Sweden. However, an interval in the Darnwilian stands out as being unusually rich in various types of mollusks. Throughout southern Sweden, gastropods became relatively abundant close to the Volkhov-Kunda Baltoscandian Stage boundary, and their numbers increase significantly in the Kundan. This increase is most apparent in the microscopic realm. A distinct peak in abundance is seen toward the middle Kundan, across the boundary between the regionally recognized Asaphus expansus and Asaphus raniceps trilobite zones, close to the Lenodus variabilis-Yangtzeplacognathus crassus conodont Zone boundary (Dw1-Dw2 transition). Hyoliths, which are otherwise exceptionally rare, are also more common in these beds, as are putative bivalves. Moreover, macroscopic cephalopod conchs occur in unusually high numbers. Gastropods and other small mollusks become relatively rare again in the upper half of the Kundan, but cephalopods are concentrated in some beds. The mollusk-rich intervals coincide with diverse assemblages and multiple morphotypes were distinguished. Point counting of skeletal grains in thin sections showed that the relative abundance of gastropods fluctuates in a pulse-like (cyclic?) manner throughout the studied succession. The concurrent paleontologic and sedimentologic development suggests a correlation to sea level, and thus that gastropod abundance can be used as a paleobathymetric proxy. Abundance peaks are associated with inferred lowstand intervals. Closely similar abundance patterns throughout southern Sweden suggest that the increase in mollusks was a geographically widespread phenomenon, perhaps even global in extent. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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