| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Awais, Fawad, et al.
(författare)
-
Logistic characteristics and requirements of Swedish wood biofuel heating plants
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 138
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demand for wood biofuel for district heating plants and combined heat and power plants (CHPs) has increased, caused by an increase in both the number and size of CHPs. This places large demands on the logistics system supplying these plants with fuel, with a particular interest in the use of alternative modes of transport such as rail and sea. The aim of this paper is to identify the industry actors’ requirements, constraints, and preferences regarding the wood-biofuel supply chain and to identify the logistical challenges this entails, as well as how this impacts the opportunity for an increased use of alternative transport solutions. A survey was sent to all Swedish CHPs, combined with six interviews with transport companies, terminal operators, and forest companies. The study shows that the industry has a local focus that limits potential logistics and sourcing solutions. It is also challenged by urban sprawl, with expanding residential areas close to the CHPs putting further constraints on the operations. Significant variations in fuel demand, depending on unpredictable outside temperature and seasonal variation, is a further challenge. The low density of the fuel has a negative impact on transport costs and introduces a trade-off between chipping close to the forest to increase density versus more efficient chipping at the CHP. Intermodal transport only used by large plants, driven by a shortage of local fuel. © 2020 The Authors
|
|
| 4. |
- Brinca, Pedro Soares, 1979-
(författare)
-
Essays in Quantitative Macroeconomics
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the first essay, Distortions in the Neoclassical Growth Model: A Cross Country Analysis, I show that shocks that express themselves as total factor productivity and labor income taxes are comparably more synchronized than shocks that resemble distortions to the ability of allocating resources across time and states of the world. These two shocks are also the most important to model. Lastly, I document the importance of international channels of transmission for the shocks, given that these are spatially correlated and that international trade variables, such as trade openness correlate particularly well with them. The second essay is called Monetary Business Cycle Accounting for Sweden. Given that the analysis is focused in one country, I can extend the prototype economy to include a nominal interest rate setting rule and government bonds. As in the previous essay, distortions to the labor-leisure condition and total factor productivity are the most relevant margins to be modeled, now joined by deviations from the nominal interest rate setting rule. Also, distortions do not share a structural break during the Great Recession, but they do during the 1990’s. Researchers aiming to model Swedish business cycles must take into account the structural changes the Swedish economy went through in the 1990’s, though not so during the last recession. The third essay, Consumer Confidence and Consumption Spending: Evidence for the United States and the Euro Area, we show that, the consumer confidence index can be in certain circumstances a good predictor of consumption. In particular, out-of-sample evidence shows that the contribution of confidence in explaining consumption expenditures increases when household survey indicators feature large changes, so that confidence indicators can have some increasing predictive power during such episodes. Moreover, there is some evidence of a confidence channel in the international transmission of shocks, as U.S. confidence indices help predicting consumer sentiment in the euro area.
|
|
| 5. |
- Dima, Elijs, et al.
(författare)
-
LIFE: A Flexible Testbed For Light Field Evaluation
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recording and imaging the 3D world has led to the use of light fields. Capturing, distributing and presenting light field data is challenging, and requires an evaluation platform. We define a framework for real-time processing, and present the design and implementation of a light field evaluation system. In order to serve as a testbed, the system is designed to be flexible, scalable, and able to model various end-to-end light field systems. This flexibility is achieved by encapsulating processes and devices in discrete framework systems. The modular capture system supports multiple camera types, general-purpose data processing, and streaming to network interfaces. The cloud system allows for parallel transcoding and distribution of streams. The presentation system encapsulates rendering and display specifics. The real-time ability was tested in a latency measurement; the capture and presentation systems process and stream frames within a 40 ms limit.
|
|
| 6. |
- Domeij, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Inequality Trends in Sweden 1978-2004
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Review of economic dynamics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1094-2025 .- 1096-6099. ; 13:1, s. 179-208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We document a clear increase in Swedish earnings inequality in the early 1990s, andthat much of this increase was generated by movements in and out of the labor market.Inequality in disposable income and earnings net of taxes and transfers also increased,but much less than the increased inequality in pre-government earnings. These di¤er-ent developments are most likely explained by the generous Swedish welfare system.Consistent with these observations, we see no clear trend in consumption inequality.We also estimate stochastic processes for household earnings. A simple random-walkprocess captures much of the life-cycle dynamics. But we .nd clear evidence that thetrue earnings process is not a random walk. We demonstrate that some estimationmethods result in severe upward bias in the estimated volatility of permanent shocksif serial correlation in temporary shocks is ignored.Our estimation results show that the increase in earnings inequality is almost entirelydriven by an increase in residualearnings inequality. Moreover, this increase wasmostly generated by an increased volatility of persistent shocks.
|
|
| 7. |
- Domeij, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Population Aging and International Capital Flows
- 2003
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use the neoclassical growth framework to model international capital flows in a world with exogenous demographic change. We compare model implications and actual current account data and find that the model explains a small but significant fraction of capital flows between OECD countries, in particular after 1985. JEL classification: E22; F21; F41; F47
|
|
| 8. |
- Domeij, David, et al.
(författare)
-
The labor-supply elasticity and borrowing constraints : Why estimates are biased
- 2001
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The labor-supply elasticity is a central element in many macroeconomic models. We argue that assumptions underlying previous econometric estimates of the intertemporal labor supply elasticity are inconsistent with incomplete markets economies. In particular, if the econometrician ignores borrowing constraints, the elasticity will be biased downwards. Within our model, the bias may be up to 50 percent. We find a similar bias in PSID data.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Flodén, Martin
(författare)
-
A role model for the conduct of fiscal policy? : Experiences from Sweden
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of International Money and Finance. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5606 .- 1873-0639. ; 34, s. 177-197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden was hit by a severe macroeconomic crisis in the early 1990s. GDP fell for three consecutive years in 1991-1993, unemployment increased by 9 percentage points, banks had to be nationalized, and public budget deficits exceeded 10 percent of GDP. The recovery was however quick. GDP growth was around four percent in 1994-1995, and budget deficits had been eliminated by 1998. Growth remained high in the subsequent decade, and the government debt ratio was reduced by almost 50 percent of GDP. This paper describes and analyzes the Swedish crisis and the policy measures implemented in response to the crisis. Policy measures include abandoning the fixed exchange rate, fiscal austerity, a new stricter fiscal framework, and several structural reforms in the 1990s. These policies were appropriate for handling the Swedish crisis, but the Swedish experiences have limited applicability for the current debt crisis, in particular because currency depreciation in combination with strong growth on export markets was a key ingredient in the Swedish recovery. Implementing fiscal austerity would have been more complicated absent this export-led growth. Moreover, the new fiscal framework has most likely contributed to strengthening public finances, but I demonstrate that budget surpluses and high GDP growth only explain around a third of the reduction in the public debt ratio after 1997.
|
|
