| 1. |
- Koul, Sasha, et al.
(författare)
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Delay From First Medical Contact to Primary PCI and All-Cause Mortality : A Nationwide Study of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 3:2, s. e000486-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-Early reperfusion in the setting of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is of utmost importance. However, the effects of early versus late reperfusion in this patient group undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have so far been inconsistent in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in a nationwide cohort the effects of delay from first medical contact to PCI (first medical contact [FMC]-to-PCI) and secondarily delay from symptom-to-PCI on clinical outcomes. Methods and Results-Using the national Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Register (SCAAR) registry, STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI between the years 2003 and 2008 were screened for. A total of 13 790 patients were included in the FMC-to-PCI analysis and 11 489 patients were included in the symptom-to-PCI analyses. Unadjusted as well as multivariable analyses showed an overall significant association between increasing FMC-to-PCI delay and 1-year mortality. A statistically significant increase in mortality was noted at FMC-to-PCI delays exceeding 1 hour in an incremental fashion. FMC-to-PCI delays in excess of 1 hour were also significantly associated with an increase in severe left ventricular dysfunction at discharge. An overall significant association between increasing symptom-to-PCI delays and 1-year mortality was noted. However, when stratified into time delay cohorts, no symptom-to-PCI delay except for the highest time delay showed a statistically significant association with increased mortality. Conclusions-Delays in FMC-to-PCI were strongly associated with increased mortality already at delays of more than 1 hour, possibly through an increase in severe heart failure. A goal of FMC-to-PCI of less than 1 hour might save patient lives.
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| 2. |
- Bertilsson, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Association of stigmatizing attitudes with people's opinion of depression as a valid reason for sickness absence: A Swedish vignette study
- 2022
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Ingår i: WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815. ; 73:2, s. 495-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Depression is a common cause of sickness absence (SA) and also highly associated with stigma. Few studies have addressed the role of stigma in relation to SA. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if attitudes to depression were associated with the public's opinion of depression as a valid reason of SA. METHODS: The study population (n = 2413) originated from a web-based panel of citizens. The survey included a short vignette describing a person with symptoms of depression and the person's work tasks, followed by a question on recommendation of SA. Negative attitudes were measured by the Depression Stigma Scale. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) for the likelihood of not recommending SA, controlling for individual and work-related co-variates. RESULTS: The crude association between negative attitudes and not recommending SA was OR 2.15 (95% CI, 1.76-2.62). In the fully adjusted model the OR was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.40 - 2.21) for not recommending SA. CONCLUSIONS: Participants with negative attitudes to depression were more likely to not consider depression as a valid reason of sickness absence. The study supports theories on layered stigma; attitudes from one arena are related to other arenas. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Carlson, Johan E., et al.
(författare)
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Calibration of simulation models for ultrasonic transducers based on implicit calibration
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2008 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781424424283 ; , s. 1528-1531
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are numerous software packages available for modeling of the sound pressure fields emitted by ultrasound transducers and transducer arrays. Accurate modeling of a real-world transducer requires knowledge of several parameters that are generally not known. This paper presents an estimation principle that can be used to calibrate such models, based on measurements of the sound field. The model separates the problem into estimation of the transducer's electro-mechanical impulse response and its spatial impulse response. The latter being what the software packages generally model. We demonstrate the principle with measurements of the sound field from a non-focused 5 MHz transducer. The results show that the modeled sound field agrees well with measurements.
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| 5. |
- Carlson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of methane content in upgraded biogas using pulse-echo ultrasound
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Congress on Ultrasonics.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present an ultrasonic pulseecho technique for estimating the methane (CH4) content in binary mixtures of CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2). The method is based on parametric estimation of phase velocity and frequency dependent attenuation in combination with Partial Least-Squares Regression (PLSR). The technique is verified using experiments on mixtures with a volume fraction of CO2 in the range of 0 % -10 %. The experiments show that the CH4 content can be accurately estimated with high repeatability.
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson, Silje, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of self-care advice on patient satisfaction and healthcare utilization
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 72:8, s. 1789-1799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThe aim of this study is to explore the influence of nurse-led self-care advice on healthcare utilization and patients' satisfaction with telephone nursing.BackgroundMany consultations in high-cost settings are for conditions that are manageable through self-care and callers with greater satisfaction with the nurse interaction are nearly four times more likely to engage in self-care.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsQuestionnaires were sent out to 500 randomly selected callers to the Swedish Healthcare Direct in Northern Sweden during March 2014. Callers were asked about their satisfaction with the consultation, their intended actions prior to consultation, the recommendation given by the nurse and the action undertaken after the call.ResultsYoung callers and persons recommended watchful waiting or recurrence if no improvements were significantly less satisfied with their care. When calling on their own behalf, both men and women rated the severity of their symptoms equally and were advised to self-care to the same extent. Self-care advice had a constricting influence on self-reported healthcare utilization, with 66·1% of cases resulting in a lower level of care than first intended. Feeling reassured after the call was the aspect of nursing care that influenced satisfaction the most.ConclusionReceiving self-care advice rather than referral to a general practitioner influences patient satisfaction negatively. Feeling reassured after consultation is strongly related to satisfaction, which in turn has been found to increase the likelihood of engaging in self-care behaviour.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Silje, et al.
(författare)
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Need for reassurance in self-care of minor illnesses
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 27:5-6, s. 1183-1191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:This study describes people's need for reassurance in self-care of minor illnesses.BACKGROUND:Self-care and active surveillance are advocated as important strategies to manage minor illnesses. Reassurance influences patient satisfaction and confidence in the practicing of self-care.DESIGN:This study is a descriptive and interpretive qualitative study.METHODS:Twelve persons with experience in self-care and receiving self-care advice were recruited, and data were collected using semi-structured interviews between September and December 2014. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analyses.RESULTS:Having previous experience and the ability to actively manage symptoms using self-care interventions was described as reassuring. Participants became stressed and concerned when the symptoms persisted and interventions lacked the desired effect, which often resulted in a decision to consult. Participants wanted to feel that the nurse was an actual person, who was sympathetic, present and understanding, when they received self-care advice. The nurse's assessment and reasoning of the symptoms facilitated care-seekers' assessments of risk, and clear and concrete advice on how to manage the symptoms exerted a calming effect. Patients needed to trust that the nurse understood their situation to embrace the advice, and being invited to return created a feeling that the nurse had listened and taken them seriously.CONCLUSION:Reassurance has the potential to allay doubts and fears to build confidence, which influences self-care and consultation behavior. Personal presence in the encounter, receiving an assessment and an explanation of the symptoms and precise advice are reassuring. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Silje, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of needs related to the practice of self-care for minor illness
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 24:21-22, s. 3255-3265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to describe people's perceptions of needs to feel confident in self-care for minor illnesses as well as their perceptions about supporting and obstructing factors in the practice of self-care.BackgroundMinor illness constitutes a large part of primary care, and patients' attendance to doctors' appointments for minor illness has been seen to increase future attendance for the same condition. Almost half of the consultations with telenurses result in the provision of self-care advice.DesignA cross-sectional survey.MethodPrimary data were collected using a questionnaire, and the study participants (n = 315) were randomly selected from the national Swedish address register.ResultsHaving knowledge and receiving health care advice and reliable information were perceived to be needs in order for participants to feel confident in self-care. Having family or friends to consult with was perceived to be a positive factor influencing confidence in self-care, especially for persons under the age of 35. Health care services were perceived to support self-care practice by offering easy access to care, giving information about self-care, and offering increased follow-up after consultations. Lack of knowledge, along with difficulties being away from work, were obstructing factors in the practice of self-care.ConclusionsYoung age was the factor influencing people's perceptions of needs and supporting factors the most. Young age and low knowledge scores about minor illnesses were the two factors that had the most influence on perceived obstructing factors.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses play a major role in the promotion of self-care and in the dissemination of self-care advice. If health care services fail to meet the needs of care-seekers with minor illnesses, patients might turn to out-of-hours clinics and emergency departments for help.
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| 9. |
- Hensing, Gunnel, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in how women and men in a Swedish population-based sample think about sick leave: A cross-sectional vignette study
- 2024
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Ingår i: WORK-A JOURNAL OF PREVENTION ASSESSMENT & REHABILITATION. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 77:3, s. 827-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gender differences in attitudes towards depression gives reason to believe that sociocultural gender norms play a role in other areas. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to test (i) if the likelihood to think that sick leave with depression symptoms is not reasonable varies between women and men, and (ii) if the likelihood to think sick leave is not reasonable varies depending on the gender of the individual with depression symptoms. METHODS: A study population of 3147 participants responded to a web-survey with a written case briefly describing a man or woman with symptoms of depression. Respondents were asked if they thought it is reasonable that the person was sick listed for two weeks. Logistic regression was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: After controlling for age, education, self-rated health, and respondent's own experience of sickness absence the adjusted OR was 1.45 (95% CI 1.25-1.67) for men being less likely to think sick-leave was reasonable. Gender difference decreased when adjusting for negative attitudes towards depression (adjusted OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.44). No difference was found between how women and men thought about sick leave in relation to the gender of the case described in the vignette. CONCLUSION: Men were more likely to think that sick leave was not reasonable with decreased OR after adjustment for negative attitudes towards depression. Gender norms might be part of the explanation for differences but are challenging to test. This study contributes to a bourgeoning research field on gendered attitudes and sick leave, in terms of theoretical reasoning and methodological choice.
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| 10. |
- Hägglund, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Flaw detection in layered media based on parametric modeling of overlapping ultrasonic echoes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 1424402018 ; , s. 136-139
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In materials consisting of several thin layers, multiple reflections within the structure give rise to received ultrasonic signals composed of overlapping echoes. In this paper we present a parametric model that can be used to decompose such signals into the individual reflections. We derive a Maximum Likelihood Estimator for the the model parameters, which are then used in a Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) to detect flaws in multi-layered structures. We show with simulations how the presence of a thin bonding layer in a three-layer structure can be detected. The probability of detection is shown to be ≈ 96%, for a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 15 dB and a probability of false alarm of 5%.
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