| 1. |
- Fischer-Hübner, Simone, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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A MOOC on Privacy by Design and the GDPR
- 2018
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Ingår i: Information Security Education. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 9783319997346 ; , s. 95-107
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we describe how we designed a massive open online course (mooc) on Privacy by Design with a focus on how to achieve compliance with the eu gdpr principles and requirements in it engineering and management. This mooc aims at educating both professionals and undergraduate students, i.e., target groups with distinct educational needs and requirements, within a single course structure. We discuss why developing and publishing such a course is a timely decision and fulfills the current needs of the professional and undergraduate education. The mooc is organized in five modules, each of them with its own learning outcomes and activities. The modules focus on different aspects of the gdpr that data protection officers have to be knowledgeable about, ranging from the legal basics, to data protection impact assessment methods, and privacy-enhancing technologies. The modules were delivered using hypertext, digital content and three video production styles: slides with voice-over, talking heads and interviews. The main contribution of this work is the roadmap on how to design a highly relevant mooc on privacy by design and the gdpr aimed at an heterogeneous audience.
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| 2. |
- Iwaya, Leonardo H, et al.
(författare)
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E-Consent for Data Privacy : Consent Management for Mobile Health Technologies in Public Health Surveys and Disease Surveillance
- 2019
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Ingår i: MEDINFO 2019. - : IOS Press. - 9781643680026 - 9781643680033 ; , s. 1223-1227
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Community health workers in primary care programs increasingly use Mobile Health Data Collection Systems (MDCSs) to report their activities and conduct health surveys, replacing paper-based approaches. The mHealth systems are inherently privacy invasive, thus informing individuals and obtaining their consent is important to protect their rights to privacy. In this paper, we introduce an e-Consent tool tailored for MDCSs. It is developed based on the requirement analysis of consent management for data privacy and built upon the solutions of Participant-Centered Consent toolkit and Consent Receipt specification. The e-Consent solution has been evaluated in a usability study. The study results show that the design is useful for informing individuals on the nature of data processing, allowing them to make informed decisions.
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| 3. |
- Iwaya, Leonardo H
(författare)
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Engineering Privacy for Mobile Health Data Collection Systems in the Primary Care
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mobile health (mHealth) systems empower Community Health Workers (CHWs) around the world, by supporting the provisioning of Community-Based Primary Health Care (CBPHC) – primary care outside the health facility into people’s homes. In particular, Mobile Health Data Collection Systems (MDCSs) are used by CHWs to collect health-related data about the families that they treat, replacing paper-based approaches for health surveys. Although MDCSs significantly improve the overall efficiency of CBPHC, existing and proposed solutions lack adequate privacy and security safeguards. In order to bridge this knowledge gap between the research areas of mHealth and privacy, the main research question of this thesis is: How to design secure and privacy-preserving systems for Mobile Health Data Collection Systems? To answer this question, the Design Method is chosen as an engineering approach to analyse and design privacy and security mechanisms for MDCSs. Among the main contributions, a comprehensive literature review of the Brazilian mHealth ecosystem is presented. This review led us to focus on MDCSs due to their impact on Brazil’s CBPHC, the Family Health Strategy programme. On the privacy engineering side, the contributions are a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) for the GeoHealth MDCS and three mechanisms: (a) SecourHealth, a security framework for data encryption and user authentication; (b) an Ontology-based Data Sharing System (O-DSS) that provides obfuscation and anonymisation functions; and, (c) an electronic consent (e-Consent) tool for obtaining and handling informed consent. Additionally, practical experience is shared about designing a MDCS, GeoHealth, and deploying it in a large-scale experimental study. In conclusion, the contributions of this thesis offer guidance to mHealth practitioners, encouraging them to adopt the principles of privacy by design and by default in their projects.
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| 4. |
- Iwaya, Leonardo H., et al.
(författare)
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Firewall Usability and Visualization : A Systematic Literature Review
- 2016
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Firewalls are network security components that allow administrators to handle incoming and outgoing traffic based on a set of rules. Such security appliances are typically the first line of defense, creating a barrier between organization’s internal network and the outside network (e.g., Internet). The process of correctly configuring a firewall is complex and error prone, and it only gets worse as the complexity of the network grows. A vulnerable firewall configuration will very likely result in major threats to the organization’s security. In this report we aim to investigate how to make administrator task of planning and implementing firewall solutions easier, from the stand points of usability and visualization. Our scientific investigation starts with the understanding of the state-of-the-art on this specific field. To do so, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a strict methodology to plan a literature review, to gather relevant information, to synthesize and compare approaches, and to report findings. During the initial search process thousands of papers were screened, leading us to 125 papers carefully selected for further readings. In the secondary study, ten relevant works were identified and assessed, in which authors tackled the issues of usability and visualization for Firewalls and Personal Firewalls. Among the main findings, we perceive that there is a lack (or even absence) of user studies to validate the proposed models. This leads us to a series of unwarranted solutions, that need to be prototyped and tested with real users. We also see an huge opportunity for integrative approaches, that could combine firewall research areas, such as automatic anomaly detection, advisory systems, and varying visualization schemes.
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| 5. |
- Iwaya, Leonardo H, et al.
(författare)
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mHealth : A Privacy Threat Analysis for Public Health Surveillance Systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 31st International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems. - : IEEE. - 9781538660607 - 9781538660614 ; , s. 42-47
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Community Health Workers (CHWs) have been using Mobile Health Data Collection Systems (MDCSs) for supporting the delivery of primary healthcare and carrying out public health surveys, feeding national-level databases with families’ personal data. Such systems are used for public surveillance and to manage sensitive data (i.e., health data), so addressing the privacy issues is crucial for successfully deploying MDCSs. In this paper we present a comprehensive privacy threat analysis for MDCSs, discuss the privacy challenges and provide recommendations that are specially useful to health managers and developers. We ground our analysis on a large-scale MDCS used for primary care (GeoHealth) and a well-known Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) methodology. The threat analysis is based on a compilation of relevant privacy threats from the literature as well as brain-storming sessions with privacy and security experts. Among the main findings, we observe that existing MDCSs do not employ adequate controls for achieving transparency and interveinability. Thus, threatening fundamental privacy principles regarded as data quality, right to access and right to object. Furthermore, it is noticeable that although there has been significant research to deal with data security issues, the attention with privacy in its multiple dimensions is prominently lacking.
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| 6. |
- Iwaya, Leonardo H, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile Health Systems for Community-Based Primary Care : Identifying Controls and Mitigating Privacy Threats
- 2019
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Ingår i: JMIR mhealth and uhealth. - CANADA : JMIR Publications. - 2291-5222. ; 7:3, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Community-based primary care focuses on health promotion, awareness raising, and illnesses treatment and prevention in individuals, groups, and communities. Community Health Workers (CHWs) are the leading actors in such programs, helping to bridge the gap between the population and the health system. Many mobile health (mHealth) initiatives have been undertaken to empower CHWs and improve the data collection process in the primary care, replacing archaic paper-based approaches. A special category of mHealth apps, known as mHealth Data Collection Systems (MDCSs), is often used for such tasks. These systems process highly sensitive personal health data of entire communities so that a careful consideration about privacy is paramount for any successful deployment. However, the mHealth literature still lacks methodologically rigorous analyses for privacy and data protection.Objective: In this paper, a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) for MDCSs is presented, providing a systematic identification and evaluation of potential privacy risks, particularly emphasizing controls and mitigation strategies to handle negative privacy impacts.Methods: The privacy analysis follows a systematic methodology for PIAs. As a case study, we adopt the GeoHealth system, a large-scale MDCS used by CHWs in the Family Health Strategy, the Brazilian program for delivering community-based primary care. All the PIA steps were taken on the basis of discussions among the researchers (privacy and security experts). The identification of threats and controls was decided particularly on the basis of literature reviews and working group meetings among the group. Moreover, we also received feedback from specialists in primary care and software developers of other similar MDCSs in Brazil.Results: The GeoHealth PIA is based on 8 Privacy Principles and 26 Privacy Targets derived from the European General Data Protection Regulation. Associated with that, 22 threat groups with a total of 97 subthreats and 41 recommended controls were identified. Among the main findings, we observed that privacy principles can be enhanced on existing MDCSs with controls for managing consent, transparency, intervenability, and data minimization.Conclusions: Although there has been significant research that deals with data security issues, attention to privacy in its multiple dimensions is still lacking for MDCSs in general. New systems have the opportunity to incorporate privacy and data protection by design. Existing systems will have to address their privacy issues to comply with new and upcoming data protection regulations. However, further research is still needed to identify feasible and cost-effective solutions.
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| 7. |
- Iwaya, Leonardo H., 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of Privacy Challenges in Mobile Health Data Collection Systems
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Community Health Workers (CHWs) have been using Mobile HealthData Collection Systems (MDCSs) for public health surveys, feeding the national-level databases with the families’ personal data. Since such systems are inherentlyused for public surveillance and manage sensitive data (i.e., health data), deal-ing with the privacy issues is crucial to successful deployments. In this poster wepresent the privacy challenges related to MDCSs, providing a summary speciallyimportant to health managers and developers.
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| 8. |
- Iwaya, Leonardo H
(författare)
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Secure and Privacy-aware Data Collection and Processing in Mobile Health Systems
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Healthcare systems have assimilated information and communication technologies in order to improve the quality of healthcare and patient's experience at reduced costs. The increasing digitalization of people's health information raises however new threats regarding information security and privacy. Accidental or deliberate data breaches of health data may lead to societal pressures, embarrassment and discrimination. Information security and privacy are paramount to achieve high quality healthcare services, and further, to not harm individuals when providing care. With that in mind, we give special attention to the category of Mobile Health (mHealth) systems. That is, the use of mobile devices (e.g., mobile phones, sensors, PDAs) to support medical and public health. Such systems, have been particularly successful in developing countries, taking advantage of the flourishing mobile market and the need to expand the coverage of primary healthcare programs. Many mHealth initiatives, however, fail to address security and privacy issues. This, coupled with the lack of specific legislation for privacy and data protection in these countries, increases the risk of harm to individuals. The overall objective of this thesis is to enhance knowledge regarding the design of security and privacy technologies for mHealth systems. In particular, we deal with mHealth Data Collection Systems (MDCSs), which consists of mobile devices for collecting and reporting health-related data, replacing paper-based approaches for health surveys and surveillance. This thesis consists of publications contributing to mHealth security and privacy in various ways: with a comprehensive literature review about mHealth in Brazil; with the design of a security framework for MDCSs (SecourHealth); with the design of a MDCS (GeoHealth); with the design of Privacy Impact Assessment template for MDCSs; and with the study of ontology-based obfuscation and anonymisation functions for health data.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Voronkov, Artem, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic Literature Review on Usability of Firewall Configuration
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACM Computing Surveys. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0360-0300 .- 1557-7341. ; 50:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Firewalls are network security components that handle incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a set of rules. The process of correctly configuring a firewall is complicated and prone to error, and it worsens as the network complexity grows. A poorly configured firewall may result in major security threats; in the case of a network firewall, an organization’s security could be endangered, and in the case of a personal firewall, an individual computer’s security is threatened. A major reason for poorly configured firewalls, as pointed out in the literature, is usability issues. Our aim is to identify existing solutions that help professional and non-professional users to create and manage firewall configuration files, and to analyze the proposals in respect of usability. A systematic literature review with a focus on the usability of firewall configuration is presented in the article. Its main goal is to explore what has already been done in this field. In the primary selection procedure, 1,202 articles were retrieved and then screened. The secondary selection led us to 35 articles carefully chosen for further investigation, of which 14 articles were selected and summarized. As main contributions, we propose a taxonomy of existing solutions as well as a synthesis and in-depth discussion about the state of the art in firewall usability. Among the main findings, we perceived that there is a lack (or even an absence) of usability evaluation or user studies to validate the proposed models. Although all articles are related to the topic of usability, none of them clearly defines it, and only a few actually employ usability design principles and/or guidelines.
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