| 1. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 6. |
- Bentley, Michael J., et al.
(författare)
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A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum
- 2014
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 100, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A robust understanding of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglacial history since the Last Glacial Maximum is important in order to constrain ice sheet and glacial-isostatic adjustment models, and to explore the forcing mechanisms responsible for ice sheet retreat. Such understanding can be derived from a broad range of geological and glaciological datasets and recent decades have seen an upsurge in such data gathering around the continent and Sub-Antarctic islands. Here, we report a new synthesis of those datasets, based on an accompanying series of reviews of the geological data, organised by sector. We present a series of timeslice maps for 20 ka, 15 ka, 10 ka and 5 ka, including grounding line position and ice sheet thickness changes, along with a clear assessment of levels of confidence. The reconstruction shows that the Antarctic Ice sheet did not everywhere reach the continental shelf edge at its maximum, that initial retreat was asynchronous, and that the spatial pattern of deglaciation was highly variable, particularly on the inner shelf. The deglacial reconstruction is consistent with a moderate overall excess ice volume and with a relatively small Antarctic contribution to meltwater pulse la. We discuss key areas of uncertainty both around the continent and by time interval, and we highlight potential priorities for future work. The synthesis is intended to be a resource for the modelling and glacial geological community.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Raack, J., et al.
(författare)
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Present-day gully activity in Sisyphi Cavi, Mars - Flow-like features and block movements
- 2020
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Ingår i: Icarus. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-1035. ; 350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The continuously increasing number of multi-temporal high-resolution images from the surface of Mars offers the possibility for detailed studies of present-day surface activity. In this study we investigated all gullies in the Sisyphi Cavi region (355 degrees E, 71 degrees S) of the south polar region of Mars. This region is influenced by the seasonal deposition of a decimeters-thick translucent slab ice in late autumn/winter and its subsequent sublimation in spring. We mapped all gullies (n = 17.760) and measured their orientations. We also identified gullies with contemporary activity (n = 35) using multi-temporal HiRISE images for martian years (MY) 28 to 34. We observed two different kinds of activity: (1) dark flow-like features, and (2) movement of blocks. For both, sediment was transported from the source region (alcove and/or flanks of channels) down the gully. Using image data from HRSC, CTX, and HiRISE, we monitored the general defrosting of the study region. We also analyzed the maximum daytime surface temperatures of the complete study region based on TES data from MYs 24 to 26. To identify the origin and triggering mechanism of the observed activity, we used: (1) detailed topographic investigations (e.g., slope angles) of two extensively gullied slopes based on two HiRISE-DTMs, (2) identification of small scale displacements with Digital Image Correlation (DIC), and (3) orientation measurements of active gullies and comparison to non-active gullies. We found that for the active gullies studied, activity happens at the end of spring between L-S similar to 225 degrees and similar to 250 degrees. This is consistent with the timing of final stages of defrosting in the region. At this time, some surfaces are already defrosted while others still host the seasonal slab ice cover. For the surfaces with slab ice, dark defrosting spots (and flows, if the surface is inclined) are observed on dark dunes as well as on gully aprons and in gully channels. These spots form when, triggered by basal sublimation generated overpressure, sediment entrained in CO2-gas is transported through cracks within the ice and redeposited onto the frosted surface. We compared and linked both morphologic features (dark dune spots and dark flow-like features) and concluded that these features have comparable or even the same triggering mechanisms. Based on this extensive study, the most plausible mechanism for ongoing gully activity can be divided into two steps: 1) accumulation of material within gully channels via small dry flows on top of the slab ice (comparable to dark dune spots/flows), 2) when a critical mass is reached, the sediment flows down the still frosted gully on top of the sublimating ice or as a mixture of dry material and ice in a catastrophic flow. The triggering factor for the movement of blocks remains unclear, as their timing could not be constrained with the available data. We identified headwall erosion in one gully in the study region, whereas a discrete source could not be identified for the other sites, suggesting multiple failure mechanisms could be active in such gullies. Finally, through volume balance calculations we show that active gullies in Sisyphi Cavi could have been formed within decades to several tens of thousands of MY, but gully-morphology indicates a much-longer period for formation of the entire gully-landform.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Masse, M., et al.
(författare)
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Wide distribution and glacial origin of polar gypsum on Mars
- 2012
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Ingår i: Earth and Planetary Science Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-821X .- 1385-013X. ; 317, s. 44-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The North Polar Cap of Mars is associated with different kinds of superficial sediments, including the Circumpolar Dune Field, interior dune fields and sedimentary veneers scattered over the ice cap. In order to resolve the mineralogical composition and the regional distribution of these sediments, we processed OMEGA and CRISM hyperspectral data with an original method based on spectral derivation. We find that gypsum is present in all areas where undefined hydrated minerals had been previously detected, including superficial sedimentary veneers covering the North Polar Cap, interior dune fields and the whole Circumpolar Dune Field. Morphological and structural analyses reveal that these gypsum crystals derive directly from the interior of the ice cap. The source of superficial sedimentary veneers is the dust that was previously contained in the upper part of the ice cap, the ice-rich North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD). This gypsum-bearing dust was released, on south-facing slopes of spiral troughs and arcuate scarps, by ice ablation controlled by katabatic winds. By the analysis of all associations of erosional scarps and dune fields over the North Polar Cap, we also demonstrate that the polar dunes are composed of sand-sized particles that were previously contained in the sediment-rich Basal Unit (BU), corresponding to the lower part of the ice cap. These particles contain gypsum and were released from the BU, by regressive ablation of ice at marginal scarps that border the North Polar Cap and by vertical ablation of ice on Olympia Planum. From a reconstruction of wind streamlines over and around the ice cap, we infer that katabatic winds descending from the polar high and rotating around the North Polar Cap control the release of these gypsum-bearing particles by ice ablation and the redistribution of these particles in the Circumpolar Dune Field.
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