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- Andreén, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Developing tolerance to eye contact in autism: A feasibility study with adults using behavioral, interview, and psychophysiological data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychology of Language and Communication. - : University of Warsaw. - 1234-2238 .- 2083-8506. ; 25:1, s. 240-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many individuals with autism report that eye contact makes them stressed or uncomfortable. Besides expressing their right to respect for neurodiverse ways of nonverbal communication, some autistic individuals also express the wish to improve their capacity to tolerate eye contact. In the current study, five autistic adults completed a 21-to 28-day computerized program that combines psychoeducation with graduated exposure to eye contact through photos. Interview data, questionnaires, gaze patterns, and psychophysiological measures indexing stress and arousal (pupillary and galvanic skin response levels) were collected to monitor and evaluate outcomes. At intake, discomfort resulting from eye contact in everyday life was described as overwhelming and multifaceted. Post-training data showed that observed increases in eye contact were not happening at the expense of heightened arousal. These results provide information about the (complex) nature of eye gaze discomfort in autism while pointing toward promising techniques to increase discomfort tolerance. © 2021 Lisa Andreén et al., published by Sciendo.
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| 2. |
- Masulli, P., et al.
(författare)
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Data-driven analysis of gaze patterns in face perception: Methodological and clinical contributions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cortex. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-9452. ; 147, s. 9-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaze patterns during face perception have been shown to relate to psychiatric symptoms. Standard analysis of gaze behavior includes calculating fixations within arbitrarily predetermined areas of interest. In contrast to this approach, we present an objective, data-driven method for the analysis of gaze patterns and their relation to diagnostic test scores. This method was applied to data acquired in an adult sample (N = 111) of psychiatry outpatients while they freely looked at images of human faces. Dimensional symptom scores of autism, attention deficit, and depression were collected. A linear regression model based on Principal Component Analysis coefficients computed for each participant was used to model symptom scores. We found that specific components of gaze patterns predicted autistic traits as well as depression symptoms. Gaze patterns shifted away from the eyes with increasing autism traits, a well-known effect. Additionally, the model revealed a lateralization component, with a reduction of the left visual field bias increasing with both autistic traits and depression symptoms independently. Taken together, our model provides a data-driven alternative for gaze data analysis, which can be applied to dimensionally-, rather than categorically-defined clinical subgroups within a variety of contexts. Methodological and clinical contribution of this approach are discussed. © 2021 The Author(s)
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