| 1. |
- Beni, Valerio, et al.
(författare)
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Voltammetric behaviour at gold electrodes immersed in the BCR sequential extraction scheme media : Application of underpotential deposition–stripping voltammetry to determination of copper in soil extracts
- 2004
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Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 502:2, s. 195-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of mercury-free electroanalytical systems for in-field analysis of pollutants requires a foundation on the electrochemicalbehaviour of the chosen electrode material in the target sample matrices. In this work, the behaviour of gold working electrodes in the mediaemployed in the BCR sequential extraction protocol, for the fractionation of metals in solid environmental matrices, is reported. All three ofthe BCR sequential extraction media are redox active, on the basis of acidity and oxygen content as well as the inherent reducing or oxidisingnature of some of the reagents employed: 0.11M acetic acid, 0.1M hydroxylammonium chloride (adjusted to pH 2) and 1M ammoniumacetate (adjusted to pH 2) with added trace hydrogen peroxide. The available potential ranges together with the demonstrated detection oftarget metals in these media are presented. Stripping voltammetry of copper or lead in the BCR extract media solutions reveal a multi-peakbehaviour due to the stripping of both bulk metal and underpotential metal deposits. A procedure based on underpotential deposition–strippingvoltammetry (UPD-SV) was evaluated for application to determination of copper in 0.11M acetic acid soil extracts. A preliminary screeningstep in which different deposition times are applied to the sample enables a deposition time commensurate with UPD-SV to be selected sothat no bulk deposition or stripping occurs thus simplifying the shape and features of the resulting voltammograms. Choice of the suitabledeposition time is then followed by standards addition calibration. The method was validated by the analysis of a number of BCR 0.11Macetic acid soil extracts. Good agreement was obtained been the UPD-SV method and atomic spectroscopic results.
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| 2. |
- Cahill, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of train passages during forced vibration testing of bridge structure using energy harvesting technology
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Civil Engineering Research in Ireland 2016 (CERI2016).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through integration with civil infrastructure, smart systems have the potential to provide real time health monitoring of the host structure. Such systems can be designed so as to be power independent while, providing such detection, using energy jarvesting technology. The use of piezoelectric energy harvesters are particularly attractive for this purpose. This is due to the dynamics of the host structure being reflected in the power output of such harvesters. It is therefore possible to identify not only the nature of the host, but also the loading to which it is being subjected through the power output. This paper investigates the detection of train passages over a host bridge structure during full scale forced vibration testing using piezoelectric energy harvesters. The use of a shaker unit to subject the bridge to controlled forced vibrations is outlined. The deployment of an energy harvesting device to the bridge during such testing is outlined and its performance analysed. A time domain power output from the harvester during testing is provided and the host characteristics identified. Incident based events were identified from the power output and corresponded with train passages which occured during the forced vibration testing. The potential use of energy harvesters to identify event based incidents are discussed and future applications identified. This paper further establishes the potential applications of energy harvesting technology with civil infrastructure through full scale experimental validation.
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| 3. |
- Cahill, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Harvesting from Train-Induced Response in Bridges
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Bridge Engineering. - 1084-0702 .- 1943-5592. ; 19:9, s. 04014034-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of large infrastructure with energy-harvesting systems is a growing field with potentially new and important applications. The possibility of energy harvesting from ambient vibration of bridges is a new field in this regard. This paper investigates the feasibility of energy harvesting for a number of trains considering their passage over a bridge. The power that can be derived from an energy-harvesting device due to a train crossing a bridge at different speeds is compared against typical demands of small wireless devices and is found to be adequate for powering such devices. These estimates of harvested energy also relate to the individual signatures of trains. In this work, the modeled dynamic responses of a bridge traversed by trains are compared against full-scale experimental analysis of train-bridge interactions. A potential application in structural health monitoring (SHM) using energy harvesting has also been demonstrated and compared with laboratory experimental data. Consistent and monotonic damage calibration curves have been constructed using estimated harvested energy.
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| 4. |
- Cahill, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Vibration energy harvesting based monitoring of an operational bridge undergoing forced vibration and train passage
- 2018
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Ingår i: Mechanical systems and signal processing. - : Academic Press. - 0888-3270 .- 1096-1216. ; 106, s. 265-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of energy harvesting technology for monitoring civil infrastructure is a bourgeoning topic of interest. The ability of kinetic energy harvesters to scavenge ambient vibration energy can be useful for large civil infrastructure under operational conditions, particularly for bridge structures. The experimental integration of such harvesters with full scale structures and the subsequent use of the harvested energy directly for the purposes of structural health monitoring shows promise. This paper presents the first experimental deployment of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting devices for monitoring a fullscale bridge undergoing forced dynamic vibrations under operational conditions using energy harvesting signatures against time. The calibration of the harvesters is presented, along with details of the host bridge structure and the dynamic assessment procedures. The measured responses of the harvesters from the tests are presented and the use the harvesters for the purposes of structural health monitoring (SHM) is investigated using empirical mode decomposition analysis, following a bespoke data cleaning approach. Finally, the use of sequential Karhunen Loeve transforms to detect train passages during the dynamic assessment is presented. This study is expected to further develop interest in energy harvesting based monitoring of large infrastructure for both research and commercial purposes.
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