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- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Multidisciplinary Research on Integration of Human Factors and Production Concepts such as TQM - A Participatory Discussion Session
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Conference on TQM and Human Factors. - 9172195207 ; 2, s. 439-448
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A discussion session where the conference participants are invited to participate is planned. One topic for the session is to discuss experiences of multidisciplinary research on integration of human factors and different production concepts applied in change processes within Swedish companies. An important question that the discussion will focus on is: How to get high quality in multidisciplinary research? Another topic is to discuss how people from different disciplines in the companies interact with each other and with the researchers. Researchers from the centre Change@Work at Lund University in Sweden will present some of their experiences from several years of multidisciplinary research in companies. As a background the research questions within Change@Work are presented below. Discussions during the workshop will be performed according to methods used by the researchers in their research in the companies. All discussion will be documented and later sent to all workshop participants.
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| 4. |
- Svendsen, S W, et al.
(författare)
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Task based exposure assessment in ergonomic epidemiology : a study of upper arm elevation in the jobs of machinists, car mechanics, and house painters.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 62:1, s. 18-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To explore the precision of task based estimates of upper arm elevation in three occupational groups, compared to direct measurements of job exposure. METHODS: Male machinists (n = 26), car mechanics (n = 23), and house painters (n = 23) were studied. Whole day recordings of upper arm elevation were obtained for four consecutive working days, and associated task information was collected in diaries. For each individual, task based estimates of job exposure were calculated by weighting task exposures from a collective database by task proportions according to the diaries. These estimates were validated against directly measured job exposures using linear regression. The performance of the task based approach was expressed through the gain in precision of occupational group mean exposures that could be obtained by adding subjects with task based estimates to a group of subjects with measured job exposures in a "validation" design. RESULTS: In all three occupations, tasks differed in mean exposure, and task proportions varied between individuals. Task based estimation proved inefficient, with squared correlation coefficients only occasionally exceeding 0.2 for the relation between task based and measured job exposures. Consequently, it was not possible to substantially improve the precision of an estimated group mean by including subjects whose job exposures were based on task information. CONCLUSIONS: Task based estimates of mechanical job exposure can be very imprecise, and only marginally better than estimates based on occupation. It is recommended that investigators in ergonomic epidemiology consider the prospects of task based exposure assessment carefully before placing resources at obtaining task information. Strategies disregarding tasks may be preferable in many cases
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