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- Mattson, Maria K., et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption of Alkyl Polyglucosides on the Solid/Water Interface : Equilibrium Effects of Alkyl Chain Length and Head Group Polymerization
- 2004
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 20:10, s. 4051-4058
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The equilibrium adsorption behavior of two n-alkyl-beta-D-glucosides (octyl (C(8)G(1)) and decyl (C(10)G(1))) and four n-alkyl-beta-D-maltosides (octyl(C(8)G(2)), decyl (C,(10)G(2)), dodecyl(C(12)G(2)) and tetradecyl (C(14)G(2))) from aqueous solution on a titania surface, as measured by ellipsometry, has been investigated. The main focus has been on the effect of changes in the alkyl chain length and headgroup polymerization, but a comparison with their adsorption on the silica/water and air/water interfaces is also presented. Some comparison with the corresponding adsorption of ethylene oxide surfactants, in particular C10E6 and C12E6, is given as well. For all alkyl polyglucosides, the maximum adsorbed amount on titania is reached slightly below the critical micelle concentration (cmc), where it levels off to a plateau and the amount adsorbed corresponds roughly to a bilayer. However, there is no evidence that this is the actual conformation of the surfactant assemblies on the surface, but the surfactants could also be arranged in a micellar network. On hydrophilic silica, the adsorbed amount is a magnitude lower than on titania, corresponding roughly to a layer of surfactants lying flat on the surface. A change in the alkyl chain length does not result in any change in the plateau molar adsorbed amount at equilibrium; however, the isotherm slope for the alkyl maltosides increases with increasing chain length. Headgroup polymerization on the other hand affects the adsorbed amount. The alkyl glucosides start adsorbing at lower bulk concentrations than the maltosides and equilibrate at higher adsorbed amounts above the cmc. When compared with the ethylene oxide (EO) surfactants, it is confirmed that the EO surfactants hardly adsorb on titania, since the measured changes in the ellipsometric angles are within the noise level. They do, however, adsorb strongly on silica.
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- Mattson, Maria K., et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Adsorption of Alkyl Glucosides on the Silica/Water Interface by Addition of Amine Oxides
- 2005
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 21:7, s. 2766-2772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of adding a small amount of dodecyl dimethylamine oxide (DDAO) on adsorption on silica from an aqueous solution of dodecyl maltoside (C(12)G(2)) has been investigated. The C(12)G(2) itself does not adsorb significantly on silica at any concentration. DDAO on the other hand readily adsorbs in a bilayer-like structure at concentrations approaching the critical micelle concentration (cmc), but the adsorbed amount at the concentrations it has been applied in these mixtures is small. In contrast, by combination of the two surfactants, significant adsorption is observed at concentrations where the adsorption of the pure DDAO, as well as pure C(12)G(2), is very low. We thus see a strong enhancement of the adsorption from the mixed system. The adsorption is suggested to be a two-step process, where individual DDAO molecules first adsorb to the silica surface through electrostatic interactions, and then C(12)G(2) adsorbs at the hydrophobic sites the DDAO tails constitute through hydrophobic bonding. A minimum concentration of DDAO is required to induce adsorption from a solution with constant C(12)G(2) concentration. This concentration is lower for C(12)G(2) solutions below and equal to cmcC(12)G(2) than above cmc(C12)G(2). In addition, the total adsorbed amount shows a maximum around cmcC(12)G(2) of the mixture for a solution with low DDAO contents. Both these effects are explained by incorporation of DDAO in the mixed micelles above cmc(mix)., which leads to a desorption of DDAO from the surface.
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- Rizell, Magnus, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Isolated hepatic perfusion for liver metastases of malignant melanoma.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Melanoma research. - 0960-8931. ; 18:2, s. 120-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to analyze the outcome of three treatment strategies using isolated hyperthermic liver perfusion (IHP) with melphalan for liver metastases of malignant melanoma. It was designed as an exploratory study. The setting was a single-center study in a university hospital. The study was carried out on 27 patients. IHP was used with modifications during three different time periods (IHP I, IHP II and IHP III), in technique and temperature (amount of melphalan: 0.5, 1.0 and 2 mg/kg body weight in the perfusate; 41, 40 and 40 degrees C). Tumor response was estimated according to WHO criteria with computed tomography or MRI. Mortality and morbidity were secondary measures. Six of 11 patients in the IHP I cohort experienced a partial response (PR). In the IHP II cohort, two patients of 11 experienced a complete response and five a PR. In the IHP III cohort, five of five patients experienced a PR. Six postoperative deaths were reported (27%) (three in the IHP I and three in the IHP II series), secondary to liver insufficiency and multiorgan failure. Treatment of liver metastases of malignant melanoma with isolated hyperthermic melphalan perfusion has shown an impressive tumor response rate, which seems to be higher than the response rates reported for other systemic chemotherapy regimens. The maximum tolerated dose for melphalan in the perfusate was surpassed with a 2 mg/kg body weight. By modifying the technique and restricting the allowed tumor burden, the response rate remained high and the mortality was reduced.
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- Soeria-Atmadja, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate statistical analysis of large-scale IgE antibody measurements reveals allergen extract relationships in sensitized individuals
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 120:6, s. 1433-1440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many allergenic sources are reportedly cross-reactive because of protein structural similarities. Although several aggregations are well characterized, no holistic mapping of IgE reactivity has hitherto been reported. Objective: The aim of this study was to disclose relevant associations within a large set of allergen preparations, as revealed by specific IgE antibody levels in blood sera of multireactive human donors. Methods: A dataset of recorded IgE antibody serum concentrations of 1011 nonidentifiable multireactive individuals (devoid of clinical records) to 89 allergen extracts was compiled for in silico analysis. Various algorithms were used to identify specific multivariate dependencies between the IgE antibody levels. Results: Exhaustive cluster analysis demonstrates that IgE antibody responses to the 89 extracts can be aggregated into 12 stable formations. These clusters hold both well-known relationships, unexpected patterns, and unknown patterns, the latter categories being exemplified by the coclustering of wasp and certain seafood and a clear differentiation among pollen allergens. Conclusion: Identified relationships within several well-known groups of cross-reactive allergen extracts confirm the applicability of dedicated multivariate data analysis within the allergology field. Moreover, some of the unexpected IgE reactivity associations in sensitized human subjects might help in identifying new relationships with potential importance to allergy. Clinical implications: Although clinical implications from this study should be validated in subsequent investigations with documentation on symptoms included, we believe this seminal approach is a key step toward the development of new analysis tools for interpretation of allergy data generated by using high-throughput recording systems.
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