| 1. |
- Dimov, Stefan S., et al.
(författare)
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4M Network of Excellence, Progress Report 2006-2008
- 2008
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Ingår i: 4M 2008. - Dunbeath : Whittles Publishing. - 9781904445760 ; , s. xv-xxxi
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report follows on from last year's "Progress Report 2004-2006" and gives an update on the continuing activities, such as the 4M Network cross-divisional projects and annual conference, as well as a description of the new activities in its third and forth year, such as the first 4M Summer School and Book Series. Finally, as the end of the funded lifetime of the network approaches the steps being taken to set up a 4M Association, which aims to create the organizational infrastructure to support the 4M Knowledge Community established in the last five years, are described.
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| 2. |
- Fernández-Nieves, A., et al.
(författare)
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Microgel Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications
- 2011
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Providing a vital link between chemistry and physics on the nanoscale, this book offers concise coverage of the entire topic in five major sections, beginning with synthesis of microgel particles and continuing with their physical properties. The phase behavior and dynamics of resulting microgel suspensions feature in the third section, followed by their mechanical properties. It concludes with detailed accounts of numerous industrial, commercial and medical applications.Edited by David Weitz, Professor at Harvard and one of the world's pre-eminent experts in the field.
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| 3. |
- Grinberg, Marianna, et al.
(författare)
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Reaching the limits of prognostication in non-small cell lung cancer : an optimized biomarker panel fails to outperform clinical parameters.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Modern Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0893-3952 .- 1530-0285. ; 30:7, s. 964-977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous protein biomarkers have been analyzed to improve prognostication in non-small cell lung cancer, but have not yet demonstrated sufficient value to be introduced into clinical practice. Here, we aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model for surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. A biomarker panel was selected based on (1) prognostic association in published literature, (2) prognostic association in gene expression data sets, (3) availability of reliable antibodies, and (4) representation of diverse biological processes. The five selected proteins (MKI67, EZH2, SLC2A1, CADM1, and NKX2-1 alias TTF1) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays including tissue from 326 non-small cell lung cancer patients. One score was obtained for each tumor and each protein. The scores were combined, with or without the inclusion of clinical parameters, and the best prognostic model was defined according to the corresponding concordance index (C-index). The best-performing model was subsequently validated in an independent cohort consisting of tissue from 345 non-small cell lung cancer patients. The model based only on protein expression did not perform better compared to clinicopathological parameters, whereas combining protein expression with clinicopathological data resulted in a slightly better prognostic performance (C-index: all non-small cell lung cancer 0.63 vs 0.64; adenocarcinoma: 0.66 vs 0.70, squamous cell carcinoma: 0.57 vs 0.56). However, this modest effect did not translate into a significantly improved accuracy of survival prediction. The combination of a prognostic biomarker panel with clinicopathological parameters did not improve survival prediction in non-small cell lung cancer, questioning the potential of immunohistochemistry-based assessment of protein biomarkers for prognostication in clinical practice.Modern Pathology advance online publication, 10 March 2017; doi:10.1038/modpathol.2017.14.
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| 4. |
- Mattsson, Claes, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a Micromachined Thermopile Infrared Sensor with a Self-Supported SiO2/SU-8 Membrane
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - Piscataway, USA : IEEE. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 8:12, s. 2044-2052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the infrared region of the spectrum thermoelectric detectors such as the thermopile, are extensively used. These detectors rely on the well-known Seebeck effect, in which there is a direct conversion of thermoelectric differentials into electrical voltage. The temperature difference over thermocouple junctions is in general, created by forming a thin membrane connected to the silicon bulk. In many existing thermopiles, materials such as Si and Si3N4 have been used as membrane. These materials suffer from relatively high thermal conductivity, which lowers the membrane temperature and reduces the sensitivity of the detector. A material such as SU-8 2002 has a much lower thermal conductivity and is applied using standard photolithographic processing steps. This work presents thermal simulations regarding the use of SU-8 2002 as a thermal insulating membrane as compared to Si and Si3N4. The simulation results presented show that the temperature increase in a 5 µm SiO2/SU-8 membrane is about 9% higher than in a 1 µm Si3N4 membrane, despite the membrane thickness being increased by a factor of 5. A thermopile consisting of 196 serially interconnected Ti/Ni thermocouples positioned on a 5 µm SiO2/SU-8 2002 membrane has been fabricated. The sensitivity of the fabricated device has been evaluated in the infrared region, using a 1.56 µm IR laser and a xenon arc lamp together with a monochromator. The measurement results show a sensitivity of approximately 5 V/W over the wavelength range between 900 - 2200 nm. Measurements performed in a vacuum chamber show that the sensitivity of the detector could be increased by more than a factor of 3 by mounting the detector in a vacuum sealed capsule.
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| 5. |
- Mattsson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an infrared thermopile detector with a thin self-supporting SU-8 membrane
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IEEE Sensors. - New York : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781424412624 ; , s. 836-839
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present the development and characterization of thermopile detector on a 4 mum thin self-supporting membrane made of the epoxy based photoresist SU-8. The membrane is realized using silicon bulk micromachining techniques. In many existing thermopile detectors, a temperature difference over the thermocouple junctions is achieved by connecting a thin membrane of either Si or Si3N4 to a silicon bulk. These materials suffer from relatively high thermal conductivity, which lowers the sensitivity of the detector. A material such as SU-8 has much lower thermal conductivity and is applied using standard photolithographic processing steps. Simulation results are presented which verifies SU-8 as a better choice than Si and Si3N4 when used as thermal insulating membrane in a thermopile detector. A thermopile consisting of 196 series coupled Ti/Ni thermocouples has been fabricated. Results from measurements are presented, showing a sensitivity of 5.6 V/W and a noise equivalent power (NEP) of 9.9 nW/radicHz.
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| 6. |
- Mattsson, Claes, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental evaluation of a thermopile detector with SU-8 membrane, in a carbon dioxide meter setup
- 2009
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 9:12, s. 1633-1638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous control of the carbon dioxide levels in the ventilation systems in office buildings and public schools has been shown to increase productivity and save money. However, these measurement systems require further developments in order to be more cost effective. This paper presents an evaluation of an Al/Bi thermopile detector with a 4 µm thin SiO2/SU-8 membrane in a CO2 meter application using the NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared Technology). The system consists of an 11 cm aluminum tube, used as the sample chamber and in which a light source and a thermopile detector with a 4.26 µm optical bandpass filter are positioned on its opposite sides. The light source is pulsed with a frequency of 0.5 Hz. The voltage response of the Al/Bi thermopile is measured for different CO2 concentrations, and, as expected according to the Lambert-Beer law, there is an exponential decrease in the measured intensity. The absolute response is about 50 % lower than for a commercial HMS J21 thermopile from Heimann Sensor GmbH. In relative terms, on the other hand, the Al/Bi thermopile is more sensitive for changes in the CO2 concentration. At 7500 ppm, the voltage response has decreased to 40 % of the reference response measured in the nitrogen atmosphere.
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| 7. |
- Mattsson, Claes, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication and characterization of a design optimized SU-8 thermopile with enhanced sensitivity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Measurement science and technology. - : IOP. - 0957-0233 .- 1361-6501. ; 20:11, s. 115202-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the infrared wavelength region, thermopiles are an important type of detectors. A major advantage of thermopiles is their non-cooling requirement. Depending on the applied absorption layer, their responsivity is often rather flat within a large wavelength region. This work presents the fabrication and characterization of a sensitivity and design optimized thermopile detector with a 4 µm self-supported SiO2/SU-8 membrane. The structure consists of 240 series interconnected thermocouple junctions obtained by a metal evaporation and lift-off. Two metal combinations have been evaluated, namely, nickel/titanium and aluminium/bismuth. Series resistances of 76 k and 283 k were measured for the Ni/Ti thermopile and the Al/Bi thermopile respectively. For the Al/Bi thermopile a responsivity of 60 V/W was achieved using a 1.56 µm fibre coupled diode laser with a power of 3.5 mW. Using a white light source with a radiation flux of 0.45 W/mm2 a voltage response of 68 V mm2/W was measured for the Al/Bi thermopile. The time constant of the characterized detectors was calculated as being 70 ms, using the pulsed IR laser.
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| 8. |
- Mattsson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication and evaluation of a thermal sensor formed on a thin photosensitive epoxy membrane with low thermal conductivity
- 2008
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM CONGRESS/13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SURFACE SCIENCE/INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). ; , s. 082048-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article present the fabrication and development of a thin metal film bolometer IR detector connected in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. The bolometer is constructed on a 4 μm thin self-supported SU-8 2002 membrane. A polymer material such as SU-8 has low thermal conductivity and is applied using standard photolithographic processing step, and this could increase detector sensitivity and lower the production cost. Thermal simulation results are presented, which verifies SU-8 as a better choice of materials compared to common membrane materials such as Si and Silicon nitride. Measurements on the fabricated nickel resistance bolometer on SU-8 2002 membrane show a sensitivity of 9.3 V/W when radiated by an IR laser with a wavelength of 1.56 μm.
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| 9. |
- Mattsson, Claes, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Thermal simulation and design optimization of a thermopile infrared detector with SU-8 membrane
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. - : IOP Publishing. - 0960-1317 .- 1361-6439. ; 19:5, s. 055016-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation and optimization tools are commonly used in the design phase of advanced electronics devices. In this work, we present a thermal simulation and design optimization tool for infrared thermopile detectors based on a closed membrane structure. The tool can be used to simulate and optimize thermopile detectors with an arbitrary number of design parameters. The optimization utilizes the Nelder–Mead and the adaptive simulated annealing optimization algorithms to maximize the system performance. A thermopile detector with an SU-8-based closed membrane and metal–metal thermocouples has been simulated and optimized. Based on the results generated by the tool, an optimized detector has been fabricated and characterized. The results from the measurements presented are in good agreement with the simulation results.
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| 10. |
- Mattsson, Hans-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences from Procurement of Integrated Bridge Maintenance in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. - 1567-7133. ; 9:2, s. 143-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The trend in many countries is to outsource maintenance with competitive tendering. The design of the tender is then a crucial issue. A new type of tendering contract, called "Integrated Bridge Maintenance", was introduced in one experimental area in Sweden. In this case bridge maintenance is separated out from the standard road maintenance contract. A pilot project has been running since 2004 for all bridges in Uppsala County with about 400 bridges. The experiences and lessons from this pilot project are presented here, and analysed from a transaction cost perspective. An important feature of the contract was that it contained a combination of measures that should be carried out and properties of the bridges that the contractor was responsible to maintain. This created a balance between predictability and flexibility for the contractor. The client was satisfied because of increased competence and a low price. The latter can partly be explained by the possibility for the specialised bridge crew to get additional work from other sectors. One problem was that some properties were difficult to measure, which led to some controversies. As information about old bridges always are incomplete a partnering structure need to be built into the contract. Experience has also shown that a conscious policy to maintain long run competition is important. The general conclusion is that the project was seen as successful and as creating more "value for money".
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