| 1. |
- Baranowska, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Does parenthood increase happiness? : Evidence for Poland
- 2011
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Ingår i: Vienna Yearbook of Population Research. - : Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. - 1728-4414 .- 1728-5305. ; 9, s. 307-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the recent decade demographers turned their attention to investigating the effects of children on self-rated happiness or life satisfaction. The underlying idea of this strand of research is to find out whether it pays off for individuals to become parents in terms of their subjective well-being, given the costs of having children. Following this line of research, this article studies the impacts of childbearing on individual-level happiness in Poland; a country which experienced a rapid decline in fertility despite the particularly strong attachment of young Poles to family values. To this end, we applied methods for panel data analysis which allowed us to control for endogeneity of subjective well-being and parenthood. Our results reveal a significantly positive effect of the first child on the subjective well-being of mothers. For men, this impact is weaker and most likely temporary since it weakens with the child’s increasing age. An important finding is that neither for men nor for women does the positive impact of parenthood rise with an increase in parity. This may explain the persistence of low fertility in this country.
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| 2. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Czy znamy lekarstwo na niską dzietność? Międzynarodowe badania ewaluacyjne na temat polityki rodzinnej (Do we know the cure for low fertility? The results from the international research evaluating family policies)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Polityka Społeczna (Social Policy). - : The Institute of Labour and Social Studies. - 0137-4729. ; 460:7, s. 9-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents an idea of policy evaluation research and reviews empirical studies which measure causal effects of family policies reforms on fertility. In light of international experience, a positive impact on fertility can be exerted through an increase in availability of childcare, speed premium implemented in parental leave schemes as well as tax exemptions and family benefits. Nevertheless, family policy reforms that proved to work in Europe, might not necessarily have exactly the same effects in Poland. Therefore, it is of overriding importance to fill the existing research gap in the evaluation of family policies in Poland by making use of the methodology for evaluating policy interventions. Otherwise future reforms in family policies will be based on ad-hoc assumptions rather than on scientific evidence.
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| 3. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Does lone motherhood decrease women’s happiness? : evidence from qualitative and quantitative research
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Happiness Studies. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1389-4978 .- 1573-7780. ; 15:6, s. 1457-1477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper contributes to the discussion on the effects of single motherhood on happiness. We use a mixed-method approach. First, based on in-depth interviews with mothers who gave birth while single, we explore mechanisms through which children may influence mothers’ happiness. In a second step, we analyze panel survey data to quantify this influence. Our results leave no doubt that, while raising a child outside of marriage poses many challenges, parenthood has some positive influence on a lone mother’s life.Our qualitative evidence shows that children are a central point in an unmarried woman’s life, and that many life decisions are taken with consideration of the child’s welfare, including escaping from pathological relationships. Our quantitative evidence shows that, although the general level of happiness among unmarried women is lower than among their married counterparts, raising a child does not have a negative impact on their happiness.
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| 4. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Family Size and Men’s Labor Market Outcomes : Do Social Beliefs About Men’s Roles in the Family Matter?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Feminist Economics. - : Routledge. - 1354-5701 .- 1466-4372. ; 28:2, s. 93-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides evidence on the relationship between fathers’ labor market outcomes and number of children. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and instrumental variable models, this study examines how family size is related to fathers’ probability of employment, number of paid working hours, job rank, wages, and job stability across European countries with diverse social beliefs about men’s financial and caregiving responsibilities. Results show that having a larger family is associated with increases in fathers’ share of paid working hours, chances of having a permanent contract and a managerial position, and wages. These findings are, however, largely due to selection. Net of selection, fathers tend to increase paid working hours and are more likely to be promoted after childbirth only in countries where they are considered the main income providers, and acceptance of involved fatherhood is weak. The magnitude of these effects is small, however.
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| 5. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The causal effects of the number of children on female employment : do European institutional and gender conditions matter?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Labor Research. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0195-3613 .- 1936-4768. ; 37:3, s. 343-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper contributes to the discussion on the effects of the number of children on female employment in Europe. Most previous research has either (1) compared these effects across countries, assuming an exogeneity of family size; or (2) used methods that dealt with endogeneity of family size, but that focused on single countries. We combine these two approaches by taking a cross-country comparative perspective and applying quasi-experimental methods. We use instrumental variable models, with multiple births as instruments, and the harmonized data from the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). We examine the cross-country variation in the effects of family size on maternal employment across groups of European countries with different welfare state regimes. This step gives us an opportunity to investigate whether the revealed cross-country differences in the magnitude of the effect of the family size on maternal employment can be attributed to the diversity of European institutional arrangements, as well as the cultural and the structural conditions for combining work and family duties.
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| 6. |
- Kotowska, Irena E., et al.
(författare)
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Poland : Fertility decline as a response to profound societal and labour market changes?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Demographic Research. - : Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. - 1435-9871. ; 19, s. 795-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article opens with a review of the main trends in family-related behaviour, i.e. fertility decline and changes in fertility patterns, a decreasing propensity to marry, postponement of marriage, and a slowly increasing frequency of divorces and separations. The analysis takes into account urban and rural differences. We then aim to identify the main determinants of family changes within the general conceptual framework of the Second Democratic Transition (SDT) in Poland. However, contrary to mainstream interpretations of the SDT, the main emphasis of this study is on the structural components of change, which need to be reformulated to account for processes specific to the transition to a market economy. The focus is, therefore, on labour market developments and family policy, and to a lesser extent on ideational change.
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| 7. |
- Kurowska, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Familydemic Cross Country and Gender Dataset on work and family outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we present the Familydemic Cross Country and Gender Dataset (FCCGD), which offers cross country and gender comparative data on work and family outcomes among parents of dependent children, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It covers six countries from two continents representing diverse welfare regimes as well as distinct policy reactions to the pandemic outbreak. The FCCGD was created using the first wave of a web-based international survey (Familydemic) carried out between June and September 2021, on large samples of parents (aged 20–59) living with at least one child under 12 in Canada, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden, and the US. While individual datasets are not available due to country-level restriction policies, the presented database allows for cross-country comparison of a wide range of employment outcomes and work arrangements, the division of diverse tasks of unpaid labour (housework and childcare) in couples, experiences with childcare and school closures due to the pandemic and subjective assessments of changes to work-life balance, career prospects and the financial situation of families (234 variables).
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| 8. |
- Mynarska, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Free to stay, free to leave : insights from Poland into the meaning of cohabitation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Demographic Research. - Rostock : Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. - 1435-9871. ; 31:36, s. 1107-1136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have shown that in Poland cohabitation is most of all a transitory step or a testing period before marriage. Polish law does not recognize this living arrangement and it has been portrayed as uncommitted and short-lived. However, few studies have investigated what cohabitation means for relationships, especially with respect to freedom.Objective: We explore how young people in Poland understand and evaluate freedom in cohabitation. We investigate how they view the role freedom plays in couple dynamics and in relationship development.Methods: We analyze data from focus group interviews conducted in Warsaw with men and women aged 25-40. We identify passages in which opinions on cohabitation and marriage are discussed, and use bottom-up coding and the constant comparative method to reconstruct different perspectives on the issue of freedom in cohabitation.Results: The respondents argued that cohabitation offers the partners freedom to leave a union at any time with few repercussions. On the negative side, the freedom related to cohabitation brings insecurity, especially for young mothers. On the positive side, it offers relaxed conditions for testing a relationship, grants partners independence, and encourages cohabitors to keep their relationship interesting, precisely because it is fragile and easy to dissolve.Conclusions: The open nature of cohabitation offers benefits to partners, but does not provide secure conditions for childbearing. As long as the couple is not planning to have children, however, the benefits of cohabitation are likely to be seen as outweighing the disadvantages.
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| 9. |
- Pironi, Loris, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of adult patients with chronic intestinal failure due to short bowel syndrome: An international multicenter survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4577. ; 45, s. 433-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: The case-mix of patients with intestinal failure due to short bowel syndrome (SBS-IF) can differ among centres and may also be affected by the timeframe of data collection. Therefore, the ESPEN international multicenter cross-sectional survey was analyzed to compare the characteristics of SBS-IF cohorts collected within the same timeframe in different countries. Methods: The study included 1880 adult SBS-IF patients collected in 2015 by 65 centres from 22 countries. The demographic, nutritional, SBS type (end jejunostomy, SBS-J; jejuno-colic anastomosis, SBS-JC; jejunoileal anastomosis with an intact colon and ileocecal valve, SBS-JIC), underlying disease and intravenous supplementation (IVS) characteristics were analyzed. IVS was classified as fluid and electrolyte alone (FE) or parenteral nutrition admixture (PN). The mean daily IVS volume, calculated on a weekly basis, was categorized as <1, 1–2, 2–3 and >3 L/day. Results: In the entire group: 60.7% were females and SBS-J comprised 60% of cases, while mesenteric ischaemia (MI) and Crohn’ disease (CD) were the main underlying diseases. IVS dependency was longer than 3 years in around 50% of cases; IVS was infused ≥5 days/week in 75% and FE in 10% of cases. Within the SBS-IF cohort: CD was twice and thrice more frequent in SBS-J than SBS-JC and SBS-JIC, respectively, while MI was more frequent in SBS-JC and SBS-JIC. Within countries: SBS-J represented 75% or more of patients in UK and Denmark and 50-60% in the other countries, except Poland where SBS-JC prevailed. CD was the main underlying disease in UK, USA, Denmark and The Netherlands, while MI prevailed in France, Italy and Poland. Conclusions: SBS-IF type is primarily determined by the underlying disease, with significant variation between countries. These novel data will be useful for planning and managing both clinical activity and research studies on SBS.
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| 10. |
- Billingsley, Sunnee, et al.
(författare)
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Social mobility and family expansion in Poland and Russia during socialism and capitalism
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Life Course Research. - : Elsevier. - 1040-2608. ; 36, s. 80-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore whether social mobility influences fertility behavior, using multiple comparative layers to better observe structural and individual-level mechanisms at work. We locate this study in Poland and Russia during periods of socialism and capitalism. Applying event-history analysis techniques to longitudinal micro-data, we find evidence of a relationship between mobility and second birth risks for women only. Status enhancement aims seem the most plausible link between mobility and childbearing. The relationship appears moderated by the economic context, which we interpret as being related to differential selection into upward and downward mobility based on labor market opportunities. In general, the suppressing effect of upward mobility on second birth risks was stronger in the poorer economic context of Russia, whereas the increased second birth risks related to downward mobility were heightened in Poland’s more prosperous context.
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