| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Bilovitz, Peter Othmar, et al.
(författare)
-
Contribution to the lichen biota of Slovenia XII. Some lichens from Logarska dolina.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Hladnikia. ; 26, s. 15-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A list of 94 species is presented including Bacidia subacerina and Lopadium disciforme as new for Slovenia and Bilimbia accedens, Lecanora leptyrodes, Megalaria grossa, Mycobilimbia epixanthoides, Rinodina efflorescens, and Sclerophora peronella as new for the alpine phytogeographical region of Slovenia.
|
|
| 3. |
- Biurrun, Idoia, et al.
(författare)
-
Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Vegetation Science. - Oxford : John Wiley & Sons. - 1100-9233 .- 1654-1103. ; 32:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Journal of Vegetation Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Association for Vegetation Science.Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m2 and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology. © 2021 The Authors.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hurtado, Pilar, et al.
(författare)
-
Contrasting Environmental Drivers Determine Biodiversity Patterns in Epiphytic Lichen Communities along a European Gradient
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI. - 2076-2607. ; 8:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing the ecological impacts of environmental change on biological communities requires knowledge of the factors driving the spatial patterns of the three diversity facets along extensive environmental gradients. We quantified the taxonomic (TD), functional (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of lichen epiphytic communities in 23 beech forests along Europe to examine their response to environmental variation (climate, habitat quality, spatial predictors) at a continental geographic scale. We selected six traits related to the climatic conditions in forest ecosystems, the water-use strategy and the nutrient uptake, and we built a phylogenetic tree based on four molecular markers. FD and climate determined TD and PD, with spatial variables also affecting PD. The three diversity facets were primarily shaped by distinct critical predictors, with the temperature diurnal range affecting FD and PD, and precipitation of the wettest month determining TD. Our results emphasize the value of FD for explaining part of TD and PD variation in lichen communities at a broad geographic scale, while highlighting that these diversity facets provide complementary information about the communities' response under changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, traits such as growth form, photobiont type, and reproductive strategy mediated the response of lichen communities to abiotic factors emerging as useful indicators of macroclimatic variations.
|
|
| 5. |
- Idoia Biurrun, Idoia, et al.
(författare)
-
GrassPlot v. 2.00 – first update on the database of multi-scale plant diversity in Palaearctic grasslands
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Palaearctic Grasslands. - : Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG). - 2627-9827. ; :44, s. 26-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GrassPlot is a collaborative vegetation-plot database organised by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and listed in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD ID EU-00-003). Following a previous Long Database Report (Dengler et al. 2018, Phytocoenologia 48, 331–347), we provide here the first update on content and functionality of GrassPlot. The current version (GrassPlot v. 2.00) contains a total of 190,673 plots of different grain sizes across 28,171 independent plots, with 4,654 nested-plot series including at least four grain sizes. The database has improved its content as well as its functionality, including addition and harmonization of header data (land use, information on nestedness, structure and ecology) and preparation of species composition data. Currently, GrassPlot data are intensively used for broad-scale analyses of different aspects of alpha and beta diversity in grassland ecosystems.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kretschmer, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
High-entropy alloy inspired development of compositionally complex superhard (Hf,Ta,Ti,V,Zr)-B-N coatings
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phase stability and mechanical properties of multimetal-boronnitride (Hf,Ta,Ti,V,Zr)-B-N is investigated by ab initio computations and experimental methods. (Hf,Ta,Ti,V,Zr)-B-N shows a strong energetic preference for the fcc NaCl-type structure over other structures up to a B:N ratio of 3.5. Reactively deposited (Hf,Ta,Ti,V,Zr)-B-N coatings show formation of X-ray amorphous BN, accompanied by a drastic hardness decrease with increasing B content. But non-reactively sputtered (Hf,Ta,Ti,V,Zr)-B-N coatings exhibit a single-phase fcc solid solution, up to the maximum B:N ratio of 1.12 studied, in good agreement with calculations. All non-reactively sputtered multimetal-boronnitride coatings contain a high Zr metal-fraction and approximate to 8at% C, stemming from impurities in the target. The single-phase coatings reach superhardness up to 46.3 GPa. Even after vacuum annealing to 1200 degrees C, the hardness of the coating with a B:N ratio of 1.03 is still 43.7 GPa, while that of ZrN0.72C0.28 decreased from 36.3 to 30.2 GPa. Our results demonstrate the importance of the deposition technique to deposit single-phased coatings with exceptional hardness and thermal stability. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 7. |
- Kretschmer, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Improving phase stability, hardness, and oxidation resistance of reactively magnetron sputtered (Al,Cr,Nb,Ta,Ti)N thin films by Si-alloying
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 416
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactively magnetron sputtered high-entropy metal-sublattice (Al,Cr,Nb,Ta,Ti)N coatings have been alloyed with Si concentrations between x(si) = 6.4 and 15.0 at.%. All coatings are single-phase fcc structured and their hardness initially increases from similar to 32 to 35 GPa with Si-alloying up to x(si) = 9.8 at.%, and then decreases to similar to 24 GPa for higher Si contents. Contrary, the indentation modulus E continuously decreases from similar to 470 to 350 GPa by Si-alloying. Also, the decomposition of the fcc structure during vacuum annealing is shifted from 1000 to 1200 degrees C with the addition of Si. The hardness initially increases during vacuum annealing and reaches a maximum of 37 GPa with T-a = 1000 degrees C at x(si) = 12.0 at.%. During oxidation experiments in ambient air at 850 degrees C for up to 100 h, a 2700 nm single-phase rutile-structured oxide scale forms at the Si-free (Al,Cr,Nb,Ta,TON with a parabolic growth rate. The rate changes to a logarithmic-like behavior with the addition of Si, resulting in only similar to 280 nm oxide scale after 100 h. Also, for the Si-containing coatings, the oxide scale shows only one crystalline rutile structure. The pore size in the oxide scale of the Si-free coating is considerably reduced by Si-addition. The oxides growing at the Si-containing coatings show an opposing Si- and Cr-gradient - with much smaller pores in the Si-rich inner region - which shows a gradual transition to the remaining nitride. Ab initio based calculations confirm that the formation of a single-phase rutile-structured solid solution oxide, (Al,Cr,Nb,Ta,Ti)O-2, is energetically preferred over separate phases above 509 K, due to the higher configurational entropy. Below this temperature the decomposition towards (Al,Ta,Ti)O-2 + (Cr,Nb)O-2 would be favored (when considering just chemical contributions), but kinetically restricted.
|
|
| 8. |
- Resl, Philipp, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnostics for a troubled backbone: testing topologicalhypotheses of trapelioid lichenized fungi in a large-scalephylogeny of Ostropomycetidae (Lecanoromycetes)
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 73, s. 239-275
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trapelioid fungi constitute a widespread groupof mostly crust-forming lichen mycobionts that are key tounderstanding the early evolutionary splits in theOstropomycetidae, the second-most species-rich subclassof lichenized Ascomycota. The uncertain phylogeneticresolution of the approximately 170 species referred tothis group contributes to a poorly resolved backbone forthe entire subclass. Based on a data set including 657newly generated sequences from four ribosomal and fourprotein-coding gene loci, we tested a series of a priori andnew evolutionary hypotheses regarding the relationshipsof trapelioid clades within Ostropomycetidae. We foundstrong support for a monophyletic group of nine coretrapelioid genera but no statistical support to reject thelong-standing hypothesis that trapelioid genera are sisterto Baeomycetaceae or Hymeneliaceae. However, we canreject a sister group relationship to Ostropales with highconfidence. Our data also shed light on several longstandingquestions, recovering Anamylopsoraceae nestedwithin Baeomycetaceae, elucidating two major monophyleticgroups within trapelioids (recognized here asTrapeliaceae and Xylographaceae), and rejecting themonophyly of the genus Rimularia. We transfer elevenspecies of the latter genus to Lambiella and describe thegenus Parainoa to accommodate a previously misunderstoodspecies of Trapeliopsis. Past phylogenetic studies inOstropomycetidae have invoked Bdivergence order^ fordrawing taxonomic conclusions on higher level taxa.Our data show that if backbone support is lacking, contrastingsolutions may be recovered with different oradded data. We accordingly urge caution in concludingevolutionary relationships from unresolved phylogenies.
|
|
| 9. |
- Spribille, Toby, et al.
(författare)
-
Basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of ascomycete macrolichens
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 353:6298, s. 488-492
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For over 140 years, lichens have been regarded as a symbiosis between a single fungus, usually an ascomycete, and a photosynthesizing partner. Other fungi have long been known to occur as occasional parasites or endophytes, but the one lichen-one fungus paradigm has seldom been questioned. Here we show that many common lichens are composed of the known ascomycete, the photosynthesizing partner, and, unexpectedly, specific basidiomycete yeasts. These yeasts are embedded in the cortex, and their abundance correlates with previously unexplained variations in phenotype. Basidiomycete lineages maintain close associations with specific lichen species over large geographical distances and have been found on six continents. The structurally important lichen cortex, long treated as a zone of differentiated ascomycete cells, appears to consistently contain two unrelated fungi.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
