| 1. |
- Albæk, Julie Kamp, et al.
(författare)
-
Circularity evaluation of alternative concepts during early product design and development
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Product design and development are essential for a circular transition. Circularity decisions, such as those concerning the type of material, assembly method, and expected lifespan, made during the early design stages will significantly influence a product’s quality, cost, esthetics, sustainability, and circularity performance over the product lifecycle. However, circularity is not often considered in the early stages of product design and development. This paper presents the development of the concept circularity evaluation tool (CCET), which aims to support the evaluation of alternative product concepts in terms of their circularity potential in the early stages of product design and development. The CCET was iteratively developed based on an extensive literature review of the success criteria for tool development, guidelines, and existing tools for circular product design and development and strong collaboration with manufacturing companies. The tool was tested and verified at four manufacturing companies in Nordic countries. The tool has been proven useful for evaluating the circularity of products and supportive in the decision-making process in the early stages of product design and development. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bergström, Mattias
(författare)
-
Probing for innovation : how small design teams collaborate
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ongoing globalization is placing greater demands on industry. One strategy to stay competitive is to move from supplying only hardware to supplying total offers, e.g. thrust on wings or power by the hour. The total offer is a combination of a product and service, a product service system. This approach to the product development process focuses on the function of the offered system, i.e. functional product development. The function provider retains the ownership and responsibility of the function carrier, i.e. the hardware. This makes for greater risk, but also greater revenue. To deal with this new reality companies are collaborating to supply these types of total offer. Another aspect of retaining ownership of the function carrier is that through continuous innovations, companies can improve the product over the life cycle of the offer. In an industrial context, and often in a global setting, designing is primarily performed through collaboration in teams, e.g. a group of people possessing distinct competences respectively contributing to the task. Hence, with the deployment of a functional product development strategy, the team is given the challenge to collaborate as a global team, i.e. the individuals of the team are spread over a number of companies, sites and countries. Yet another challenge is to increase the innovation in the team. Consequently, with these diverse teams the ability to express thoughts, ideas and different point of views is important for team-based design. The team must not only solve a design task, but also understand and define the task. This kind of design is by default ill-defined and thus referred to as a ‘wicked problem’. However, it is in these wicked design tasks that new and breakthrough products are most likely to be found. But to reach the goal of innovation, the team must allow and embrace ambiguity, as well as act in a supportive environment. The purpose in this thesis is to illustrate activities in design teams when confronted with wicked design tasks. The focus is on how the team explores and communicates problems. The thesis also addresses how physical spaces affect the creative process. Insight into these issues will deepen the understanding of the design processes and enable development of new tools, models and methods, and thus improve the performance of team-based innovation. The cases are studied primarily through observations of small engineering design teams engaged in distributed and co-located collaborative work in early development. The research indicates that designers experience difficulties in communicating notions, such as ideas or thoughts, by solely relying on the usual approach of using sketches, writings and mere utterances. In team-based innovation, designers tend to use their own body, forming embodied representations, to fill in the blanks. Designers embody the future product, e.g. by envisioning themselves as the proposed product, or putting themselves in the users’ position to interact with a future product or both. Hence, the embodied representation becomes a form of prototyping. The designer occasionally incorporates an everyday object to add another dimension to this kind of prototyping activity. Normally, in the manufacturing industry, prototypes are refined and in a state of pre-production. Thus, they limit ambiguity and do not lend themselves to prompt designers to add new ideas. To support the team’s communication of ideas, the prototyping process has to allow the designers to explore the problem, change and propose new ideas, and aid their communicative and collaborative efforts. From the studies, a model derived for an iterative prototyping process in the early design phases is proposed. The model has its starting point in probing, which allows both the problem and the solution to be explored. Probing can incorporate a question, an idea, a concept, or an embodied representation. The design team acknowledges and interprets the probe, creating a shared or contrasted understanding. Still, it is in the differentiated and contrasted understanding that team members find the inspiration to ideate and create additional probing activities that provide for innovations. By looping this process numerous times, the understanding becomes shared and the product concept becomes more refined. However, the main value of the prototyping process is not the prototype per se, but rather the value in the process as such, since it allows the team to reflect in practice and experience through prototyping. The activities of a design team may be supported or hampered by the environment where the activities occur. A room and furniture, specifically designed to prompt a collaborative and creative mode, are suggested and demonstrated in this thesis. Insight from observing design activities in these creative environments provides a basis for further research.
|
|
| 3. |
- Boks, Casper, et al.
(författare)
-
Nordic Post-Graduate Sustainable Design and Engineering Research from a Supervisor Perspective
- 2008
-
Ingår i: NordDesign 2008. - Tallin, Estonia. ; , s. 171-180
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multi- and interdisciplinary field of sustainable product innovation is rapidly expanding as an arena for scientific research. Universities in Nordic countries can be considered as an exponent of this type of research, with active research groups in, among others, Göteborg, Helsinki, Lund, Lyngby, Linköping and Trondheim. In the context of a Nordforsk funded project, seven second generation PhD supervisors from these universities, who have been active in this field for many years, discuss funding, publication, research traditions, education and supervision practices related to PhD research in this field. A number of recommendations to improve current practices are made, including the mapping currently existing differences in different academic institutions, studying the cross-over learning effects between academica and non-academic partners, and the development of ‘quality indicators’ of research in the SPI domain.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Motte, Damien, et al.
(författare)
-
A note on the debate on scientific process vs. design process
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design - ICED'11. - 2223-7941 .- 2220-4342. - 9781904670322 ; DS 68:2, s. 356-365
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been often claimed that the scientific process is quite opposite to the design process, mainly based on the former’s analysis of existing phenomena in order to develop a theory, while the design process is an act of synthesis that creates something new in the world. In the light of the developments that led to this conception, and with reference to the current views of the scientific process, we maintain that the scientific process has more similarities with the design process than differences from it. As parallels can be drawn between the two processes, some implications for further research into the fundamentals of the design activity are discussed.
|
|
| 6. |
-
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED11), Vol. 5: Design for X, Design to X
- 2011
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This volume comprises the papers from the theme Design for X, Design to X from the ICED11 conference. This is a broad theme as X can stand for many properties and characteristics of a design – function, performance, cost, quality, manufacturability and many others. As might be expected in 2011, “X” in many of the papers stand for Sustainability. The volume’s papers address sustainability on several levels – the society, the company, the team, the individual designer. Environmental sustainability is the focus of many of these papers, but you will also find a major group of papers in the volume that consider social sustainability issues, design for human or social factors. New strategic approaches, methods and tool for sustainable design are introduced. Another major sub-theme in the volume could be described as design for manufacturing in a broad sense. In the volume you will find new methods and tools for manufacturability and quality, for modular design of products and such product interplay with production system, and machine tool design. The potential of mathematical optimization tools is demonstrated.Further, the volume offers a multitude of case studies and applications, evidencing the potential of DFX methods and tools to improve automotive, construction, healthcare, machine and shipbuilding design
|
|
| 7. |
- Sakao, Tomohiko, et al.
(författare)
-
Product with Service, Technology with Business Model : Expanding Engineering Design
- 2011
-
Ingår i: DS 68-4: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED11), Vol. 4. - Glasgow, UK : The Design Society. - 9781904670322 ; , s. 449-460
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Looking back over the last decade, the importance of an expanded understanding of engineering design has been shared within the engineering design community. Presented concepts and methods to support such expansion include Functional Product Development, Service Engineering, and Product/Service-Systems (PSS) design. This paper first explains PSS design as an expansion of engineering design, away from merely the physical product. Secondly, it gives a review of PSS research and a projection of future research issues, also ranging out into untraditional fields of research. Finally, it presents a new promising concept beyond PSS design; via an integrated development of technology and business model. This can be of particular interest for further research, especially due to its high freedom for designers and thus high potential for innovation.
|
|
