| 1. |
- Estrada, Karol, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 44:5, s. 491-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for association with risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 individuals with a history of fracture (cases) and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 new) associated with BMD at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways. However, we also discovered loci that were localized to genes not known to have a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD-associated loci were also associated with fracture risk (P < 5 × 10(-4), Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P < 5 × 10(-8), including at 18p11.21 (FAM210A), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility.
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| 2. |
- Lafferty, Ryan A., et al.
(författare)
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Peptide YY (1–36) peptides from phylogenetically ancient fish targeting mammalian neuropeptide Y1 receptors demonstrate potent effects on pancreatic β-cell function, growth and survival
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. - : Wiley. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 22:3, s. 404-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the antidiabetic efficacy of enzymatically stable Peptide YY (PYY) peptides from phylogenetically ancient fish. Materials and methods: N-terminally stabilized, PYY (1–36) sequences from Amia calva (bowfin), Oncorhynchus mykiss (trout), Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) and Scaphirhynchus albus (sturgeon), were synthesized, and both biological actions and antidiabetic therapeutic efficacy were assessed. Results: All fish PYY (1–36) peptides were resistant to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) degradation and inhibited glucose- and alanine-induced (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) insulin secretion. In addition, PYY (1–36) peptides imparted significant (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) β-cell proliferative and anti-apoptotic benefits. Proliferative effects were almost entirely absent in β cells with CRISPR-Cas9-induced knockout of Npyr1. In contrast to human PYY (1–36), the piscine-derived peptides lacked appetite-suppressive actions. Twice-daily administration of sea lamprey PYY (1–36), the superior bioactive peptide, for 21 days significantly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) decreased fluid intake, non-fasting glucose and glucagon in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. In addition, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, pancreatic insulin and glucagon content were significantly improved. Metabolic benefits were linked to positive changes in pancreatic islet morphology as a result of augmented (P < 0.001) proliferation and decreased apoptosis of β cells. Sturgeon PYY (1–36) exerted similar but less impressive effects in STZ mice. Conclusion: These observations reveal, for the first time, that PYY (1–36) peptide sequences from phylogenetically ancient fish replicate the pancreatic β-cell benefits of human PYY (1–36) and have clear potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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| 3. |
- Moayyeri, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic determinants of heel bone properties : genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:11, s. 3054-3068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative ultrasound of the heel captures heel bone properties that independently predict fracture risk and, with bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by X-ray (DXA), may be convenient alternatives for evaluating osteoporosis and fracture risk. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) studies to assess the genetic determinants of heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; n = 14 260), velocity of sound (VOS; n = 15 514) and BMD (n = 4566) in 13 discovery cohorts. Independent replication involved seven cohorts with GWA data (in silico n = 11 452) and new genotyping in 15 cohorts (de novo n = 24 902). In combined random effects, meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts, nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had genome-wide significant (P < 5 x 10(-8)) associations with heel bone properties. Alongside SNPs within or near previously identified osteoporosis susceptibility genes including ESR1 (6q25.1: rs4869739, rs3020331, rs2982552), SPTBN1 (2p16.2: rs11898505), RSPO3 (6q22.33: rs7741021), WNT16 (7q31.31: rs2908007), DKK1 (10q21.1: rs7902708) and GPATCH1 (19q13.11: rs10416265), we identified a new locus on chromosome 11q14.2 (rs597319 close to TMEM135, a gene recently linked to osteoblastogenesis and longevity) significantly associated with both BUA and VOS (P < 8.23 x 10(-14)). In meta-analyses involving 25 cohorts with up to 14 985 fracture cases, six of 10 SNPs associated with heel bone properties at P < 5 x 10(-6) also had the expected direction of association with any fracture (P < 0.05), including three SNPs with P < 0.005: 6q22.33 (rs7741021), 7q31.31 (rs2908007) and 10q21.1 (rs7902708). In conclusion, this GWA study reveals the effect of several genes common to central DXA-derived BMD and heel ultrasound/DXA measures and points to a new genetic locus with potential implications for better understanding of osteoporosis pathophysiology.
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| 4. |
- Papp, Joseph K., et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of high voltage outgassing of LiCoO2, LiNiO2, and Li2MnO3 layered Li-ion cathode materials
- 2021
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One method of increasing the energy density of Li-ion batteries is to access reversible Li intercalation in conventional layered transition metal oxide cathode materials at high potentials (4.3-5 V vs. Li/Li+), and thus allow more electrochemical capacity per volume of active material. This comes at the cost of increased interfacial reactivity and often results in capacity fade over many cycles. Tracing gas evolution during electrochemical lithium extraction and insertion provides a useful strategy to understand this high voltage reactivity. In this study, we examine outgassing during Li extraction in well-known layered oxides (LiCoO2, LCO; LiNiO2, LNO; and Li2MnO3, LMO). We highlight key differences in the outgassing of each material. Whereas negligible O-2 release is found in LCO and LNO, even with voltage holds at 5 V vs. Li/Li+ O-2 release is found to account for a large portion of the electrochemical capacity and persists over many cycles in LMO. CO2 outgassing is observed to varying extents, following the trend of LMO approximate to LNO > LCO, and is due to a combination of residual solid carbonate oxidation and electrolyte degradation. Taken together, these results show the importance of quantitative analysis in understanding the role of transition metal composition on the chemistry of conventional Li-ion battery materials.
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