| 1. |
- Cossarizza, A., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 49:10, s. 1457-1973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
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| 2. |
- Abdel-Hamid, Mohammed K, et al.
(författare)
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1,8-Naphthalimide derivatives : new leads against dynamin I GTPase activity.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Organic and biomolecular chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 13:29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fragment-based in silico screening against dynamin I (dynI) GTPase activity identified the 1,8-naphthalimide framework as a potential scaffold for the design of new inhibitors targeting the GTP binding pocket of dynI. Structure-based design, synthesis and subsequent optimization resulted in the development of a library of 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives, called the Naphthaladyn™ series, with compounds 23 and 29 being the most active (IC50 of 19.1 ± 0.3 and 18.5 ± 1.7 μM respectively). Compound 29 showed effective inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (IC50(CME) 66 μM). The results introduce 29 as an optimised GTP-competitive lead Naphthaladyn™ compound for the further development of naphthalimide-based dynI GTPase inhibitors.
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| 3. |
- Cleland, Dougal, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular dynamics approaches to the design and synthesis of PCB targeting molecularly imprinted polymers: interference to monomer-template interactions in imprinting of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene
- 2014
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Ingår i: Organic and biomolecular chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 12:5, s. 844-853
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interactions between each component of the pre-polymerisation mixtures used in the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) specific for 1,2,3,4,5-pentachlorobenzene (1) and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (2) were examined in four molecular dynamics simulations. These simulations revealed that the relative frequency of functional monomer template (FM T) interactions was consistent with results obtained by the synthesis and evaluation of the actual MIPs. The higher frequency of 1 interaction with tri-methylstyrene (TMS; 54.7%) than 1 interaction with pentafluorostyrene (PFS; 44.7%) correlated with a higher imprinting factor (IF) of 2.1 vs. 1.7 for each functional monomer respectively. The higher frequency of PFS interactions with 2 (29.6%) than TMS interactions with 2 (1.9%) also correlated well with the observed differences in IF (3.7) of 2 MIPs imprinted using PFS as the FM than the IF (2,8) of 2 MIPs imprinted using TMS as the FM. The TMS-1 interaction dominated the molecular simulation due to high interaction energies, but the weaker TMS-2 resulted in low interaction maintenance, and thus lower IF values. Examination of the other pre-polymerisation mixture components revealed that the low levels of TMS-2 interaction was, in part, due to interference caused by the cross linker (CL) ethyleneglycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) interactions with TMS. The main reason was, however, attributed to MeOH interactions with TMS in both a hydrogen bond and perpendicular configuration. This positioned a MeOH directly above the it-orbital of all TMS for an average of 63.8% of MD2 creating significant interference to pi-pi stacking interactions between 2 and TMS. These findings are consistent with the deviation from the 'normal' molecularly imprinted polymer synthesis ratio of 1 : 4 : 20 (T : FM : CL) of 20 : 1 : 29 and 15 : 6 : 29 observed with 2 and TMS and PFS respectively. Our molecular dynamics simulations correctly predicted the high level of interference from other MIP synthesis components. The effect on PFS-1 interaction by MeOH was significantly lower and thus this system was not adversely affected.
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| 4. |
- Hill, Timothy A., et al.
(författare)
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Iminochromene Inhibitors of Dynamins I and II GTPase Activity and Endocytosis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 53:10, s. 4094-4102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein we report the synthesis of discrete iminochromene (“iminodyn”) libraries (14−38) as potential inhibitors of dynamin GTPase. Thirteen iminodyns were active (IC50 values of 260 nM to 100 μM), with N,N-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(7,8-dihydroxy-2-iminochromene-3-carboxamide) (17), N,N-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(7,8-dihydroxy-2-iminochromene-3-carboxamide) (22), and N,N-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(7,8-dihydroxy-2-iminochromene-3-carboxamide) (23) (IC50 values of 330 ± 70, 450 ± 50, and 260 ± 80 nM, respectively) being the most potent. Five of the most potent iminodyns all inhibited dynamins I and II approximately equally. Iminodyn-22 displayed uncompetitive inhibition with respect to GTP. Selected iminodyns were evaluated for their ability to block receptor mediated endocytosis (RME, mediated by dynamin II) and synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE, mediated by dynamin I), with 17 showing no activity while 22 returned RME and SVE IC50 values of 10.7 ± 4.5 and 99.5 ± 1.7 μM, respectively. The iminodyns reported herein represent a new chemical class of the first nanomolar potent dynamin inhibitors that are also effective endocytosis inhibitors.
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| 5. |
- Hill, Timothy A, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of dynamin mediated endocytosis by the dynoles : synthesis and functional activity of a family of indoles
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 52:12, s. 3762-3773
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Screening identified two bisindolylmaleimides as 100 microM inhibitors of the GTPase activity of dynamin I. Focused library approaches allowed development of indole-based dynamin inhibitors called dynoles. 100-Fold in vitro enhancement of potency was noted with the best inhibitor, 2-cyano-3-(1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)-N-octylacrylamide (dynole 34-2), a 1.3 +/- 0.3 microM dynamin I inhibitor. Dynole 34-2 potently inhibited receptor mediated endocytosis (RME) internalization of Texas red-transferrin. The rank order of potency for a variety of dynole analogues on RME in U2OS cells matched their rank order for dynamin inhibition, suggesting that the mechanism of inhibition is via dynamin. Dynoles are the most active dynamin I inhibitors reported for in vitro or RME evaluations. Dynole 34-2 is 15-fold more active than dynasore against dynamin I and 6-fold more active against dynamin mediated RME (IC(50) approximately 15 microM; RME IC(50) approximately 80 microM). The dynoles represent a new series of tools to better probe endocytosis and dynamin-mediated trafficking events in a variety of cells.
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| 6. |
- Hill, Timothy A, et al.
(författare)
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Long chain amines and long chain ammonium salts as novel inhibitors of dynamin GTPase activity.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-894X .- 1464-3405. ; 14:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined a number of ligands with the view of inhibiting the GTPase activity of dynamin. Dynamin contains a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that interacts with lipids. We report a series of simple lipid-like molecules that display moderate inhibitory activity. Inhibitory activity is linked to chain length and quaternarization of the terminal amine. A change in the counterion, Cl versus Br or I, had little effect on potency. However, introduction of a hydrophobic collar proximal to the charged site was beneficial to dynamin GTPase inhibitory action. The most potent compound was myristoyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (MTMAB, IC(50) 3.15 microM).
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| 7. |
- Hill, Timothy, et al.
(författare)
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Small molecule inhibitors of dynamin I GTPase activity : development of dimeric tyrphostins.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 48:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamin I is a GTPase enzyme required for endocytosis and is an excellent target for the design of potential endocytosis inhibitors. Screening of a library of tyrphostins, in our laboratory, against the GTPase activity of dynamin I gave rise to a microM potent lead, 2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thioacrylamide (1, IC50 70 microM). Our initial investigations suggested that only the dimeric form of 1 displayed dynamin I GTPase inhibitory activity. Subsequent synthetic iterations were based on dimeric analogues and afforded a number of small molecules, low microM potent, inhibitors of dynamin I GTPase, in particular, symmetrical analogues with a minimum of two free phenolic -OHs: catechol-acrylamide (9) (IC50= 5.1 +/- 0.6 microM), its 3,4,5-trihydroxy congener (10) (IC50= 1.7 +/- 0.2 microM), and the corresponding 3-methyl ether (11) (IC50= 9 +/- 3 microM). Increasing the length of the central alkyl spacer from ethyl to propyl (22-24) afforded essentially identical activity with IC50's of 1.7 +/- 0.2, 1.7 +/- 0.2, and 5 +/- 1 microM, respectively. No decrease in activity was noted until the introduction of a hexyl spacer. Our studies highlight the requirement for two free amido NHs with neither the mono-N-methyl (86) nor the bis-N-methyl (87) analogues inhibiting dynamin I GTPase. A similar effect was noted for the removal of the nitrile moieties. However, modest potency was observed with the corresponding ester analogues of 9-11: ethyl ester (90), propyl ester (91), and butyl ester (92), with IC50's of 42 +/- 3, 38 +/- 2, and 61 +/- 2 microM, respectively. Our studies reveal the most potent and promising dynamin I GTPase inhibitor in this series as (22), which is also known as BisT.
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| 8. |
- Howes, Mark T, et al.
(författare)
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Clathrin-independent carriers form a high capacity endocytic sorting system at the leading edge of migrating cells
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Cell Biology. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0021-9525 .- 1540-8140. ; 190:4, s. 675-691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the importance of clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytic pathways has recently emerged, key aspects of these routes remain unknown. Using quantitative ultrastructural approaches, we show that clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs) account for approximately three times the volume internalized by the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway, forming the major pathway involved in uptake of fluid and bulk membrane in fibroblasts. Electron tomographic analysis of the 3D morphology of the earliest carriers shows that they are multidomain organelles that form a complex sorting station as they mature. Proteomic analysis provides direct links between CLICs, cellular adhesion turnover, and migration. Consistent with this, CLIC-mediated endocytosis of key cargo proteins, CD44 and Thy-1, is polarized at the leading edge of migrating fibroblasts, while transient ablation of CLICs impairs their ability to migrate. These studies provide the first quantitative ultrastructural analysis and molecular characterization of the major endocytic pathway in fibroblasts, a pathway that provides rapid membrane turnover at the leading edge of migrating cells.
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| 9. |
- MacGregor, Kylie A, et al.
(författare)
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Development of quinone analogues as dynamin GTPase inhibitors
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0223-5234 .- 1768-3254. ; 85, s. 191-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virtual screening of the ChemDiversity and ChemBridge compound databases against dynamin I (dynI) GTPase activity identified 2,5-bis-(benzylamino)-1,4-benzoquinone 1 as a 273 ± 106 μM inhibitor. In silico lead optimization and focused library-led synthesis resulted in the development of four discrete benzoquinone/naphthoquinone based compound libraries comprising 54 compounds in total. Sixteen analogues were more potent than lead 1, with 2,5-bis-(4-hydroxyanilino)-1,4-benzoquinone (45) and 2,5-bis(4-carboxyanilino)-1,4-benzoquinone (49) the most active with IC50 values of 11.1 ± 3.6 and 10.6 ± 1.6 μM respectively. Molecular modelling suggested a number of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were involved in stabilization of 49 within the dynI GTP binding site. Six of the most active inhibitors were evaluated for potential inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Quinone 45 was the most effective CME inhibitor with an IC50(CME) of 36 ± 16 μM.
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| 10. |
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