| 1. |
- Divakar, Pradeep K., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of complex symbiotic relationships in a morphologically derived family of lichen-forming fungi
- 2015
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 208:4, s. 1217-1226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the evolutionary history of the Parmeliaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), one of the largest families of lichen-forming fungi with complex and variable morphologies, also including several lichenicolous fungi. We assembled a six-locus data set including nuclear, mitochondrial and low-copy protein-coding genes from 293 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The lichenicolous lifestyle originated independently three times in lichenized ancestors within Parmeliaceae, and a new generic name is introduced for one of these fungi. In all cases, the independent origins occurred c. 24 million yr ago. Further, we show that the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene were key periods when diversification of major lineages within Parmeliaceae occurred, with subsequent radiations occurring primarily during the Oligocene and Miocene. Our phylogenetic hypothesis supports the independent origin of lichenicolous fungi associated with climatic shifts at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Moreover, diversification bursts at different times may be crucial factors driving the diversification of Parmeliaceae. Additionally, our study provides novel insight into evolutionary relationships in this large and diverse family of lichen-forming ascomycetes.
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| 2. |
- Hutten, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi of Yosemite National Park, California
- 2013
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Ingår i: North American Fungi. - : Pacific Northwest Fungi Project. - 1937-786X. ; 8:11, s. 1-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compiled literature, intensively studied 15 sites as a group, and collected opportunistically in other areas of the Yosemite National Park. We report a total of 562 species of lichenized fungi from the Park, adding 461 species to the total of 101 species reported for the Park by the National Park Service database. An additional 22 lichenicolous fungi are reported here. Two nonlichenized fungi associated with young living twigs of particular host species are also included. An additional 75 species that are known from nearby areas in the Sierra Nevada, but not yet from Yosemite, are listed. Fourteen species are apparently newly reported for the Sierra Nevada, with an additional 17 species new to California, and five species new to North America (Gyalidea fritzei, Pyrenopsis reducta, Lecanora pseudosarcopidoides, L. sarcopidoides, L. subravida). Two taxonomic changes are included here: Verrucaria carbonusta Breuss is newly described, and Lecidea fuscoatrina Hertel & Leuckert is synonymized under the earlier but neglected name, L. cascadensis H. Magn.
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| 3. |
- McCune, Bruce, et al.
(författare)
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Biodiversity and ecology of lichens of Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plant and Fungal Systematics. - : W. Szafer Institute of Botany Polish Academy of Sciences. - 2544-7459. ; 65:2, s. 586-619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We inventoried lichens in Kenai Fjords National Park in Alaska, USA We assembledthe known information on occurrence and ecology of lichens in this park by combiningfield, herbarium, and literature studies. Our results provide baseline data on lichenoccurrence that may be used in resource condition assessments, vulnerability assessments, long-term ecological monitoring, and resource management. We report a total of 616 taxa of lichenized fungi from the Park, plus an additional five subspecies and three varieties, all of which are new additions to the National Park Service database for this park unit. An additional five species of nonlichenized lichenicolous fungi are reported here. Eight non-lichenized fungi that are traditionally treated with lichens are also included, most of these associated with bark of particular host species. Four taxa new to North America are reported here (Arctomia delicatula var. acutior, Aspicilia dudinensis, Myriospora myochroa, and Ochrolechia bahusiensis), along with 44 species new to Alaska. Numerous species have been confirmed using ITS barcoding sequences. Also several records assigned to the genus level are reported, many of those are likely new species.
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| 4. |
- Zahnstecher, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Efficiency
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This 2021 Edition of the IEEE International Network Generations Roadmap (INGR) contains a new Chapter dedicated to Energy Efficiency, which builds upon the initial white paper released in April 2020 [1]. For this purpose, the Energy Efficiency Working Group developed an analysis of the energy efficiency constraints across the whole ecosystem of the Fifth Generation '5G' and following network infrastructure, which can be leveraged by all stakeholders to prioritize resources allocation and technology development to ensure that both technical and economic forecasts can be met. The complexity of the ecosystem and the traditionally siloed approach within the Industry has often prevented the adoption of a holistic approach to addressing the fundamental problem of energy, which is the ultimate constraint to any complex deployment. The proposed framework facilitates an assessment of bottlenecks and their implication on the network: it may be used by both academic and industry stakeholders to develop solutions that address the real issues and enable a healthy ecosystem. After a comprehensive survey of the ecosystem and its challenges, the following key areas were selected for a more in-depth analysis:Network EfficiencySmall Cell MigrationBase Station PowerEconomic FactorsGrid/UtilityThis Chapter also identifies the need for a comprehensive 'Systems-of-Systems' (SoS) analysis to address the complex inter-relations among the multiple layers, which the infrastructure leverages. An initial proposal describes how a model can be built to enable a comprehensive assessment of energy requirements across such a diverse ecosystem. A future step in the process will consolidate a proposal for standardization of this model, which can be utilized by all stakeholders for both analysis and forecasting of capabilities and return on investment.
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