| 1. |
- Kylemark, Per, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Noise in dual-pumped fiber-optical parametric amplifiers: Theory and experiments
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 25:9, s. 2837-2846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The noise figure (NF) of a dual-pumped parametric amplifier with copolarized pumps is quantified for the first time to our knowledge. It is shown that the NF is increased by the noise on the pump sources, in agreement with theory, and that it gives a uniform NF degradation due to a uniform gain spectrum. The magnitude of the NF degradation increases with increasing input-signal power. Various aspects of the NF are studied, such as the effects of three idlers generated by the four-sideband interaction, and Raman-induced losses and excess noise caused by the population of thermal phonons. It is shown that the use of unequal pump powers only affects the low-power NIT to a minimal degree. Also, the gain dependence of the NF is studied, as are the wavelength and signal power dependences of the NE It is shown that at high gain, the NF saturates even when pump noise is an issue. Also, unequal pump powers with fixed gain have a minor impact on the noise performance of the amplifier. Theory and experiments agree well with each other.
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| 2. |
- Kylemark, Per, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Noise in Orthogonally Pumped Fiber-Optical Parametric Amplifiers
- 2007
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 19:2, s. 88-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The noise figure (NF) of a fiber-optical parametric amplifier, driven by pumps with orthogonal polarizations, is quantified experimentally. It is shown that this amplifier has a signal- polarization -dependent gain, with a corresponding polarization-dependent NF. The polarization dependence of the NF is particularly large when higher input-signal powers are amplified, in which case pump-induced noise dominates. At lower input-signal powers, the NF is less dependent on the input polarization, but increases closer to the lower-frequency pump.
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| 3. |
- McKinstrie, Colin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Polarization-Mode Dispersion on Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 35:19, s. 4210-4218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the effects of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) on degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) are studied in detail. New solutions of the FWM equations show that PMD can suppress the input-polarization dependence of FWM and reduce the idler growth significantly. The consequences of these results for next-generation passive optical networks are described briefly.
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| 4. |
- McKinstrie, Colin, et al.
(författare)
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Field-quadrature and photon-number correlations produced by parametric processes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087 .- 1094-4087. ; 18:19, s. 19792-19823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous paper [Opt. Express 13, 4986 (2005)], formulas were derived for the field-quadrature and photon-number variances produced by multiple-mode parametric processes. In this paper, formulas are derived for the quadrature and number correlations. The number formulas are used to analyze the properties of basic devices, such as two-mode amplifiers, attenuators and frequency convertors, and composite systems made from these devices, such as cascaded parametric amplifiers and communication links. Amplifiers generate idlers that are correlated with the amplified signals, or correlate pre-existing pairs of modes, whereas attenuators decorrelate pre-existing modes. Both types of device modify the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the modes on which they act. Amplifiers decrease or increase the mode SNRs, depending on whether they are operated in phase-insensitive (PI) or phase-sensitive (PS) manners, respectively, whereas attenuators always decrease these SNRs. Two-mode PS links are sequences of transmission fibers (attenuators) followed by two-mode PS amplifiers. Not only do these PS links have noise figures that are 6-dB lower than those of the corresponding PI links, they also produce idlers that are (almost) completely correlated with the signals. By detecting the signals and idlers, one can eliminate the effects of electronic noise in the detectors.
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| 5. |
- McKinstrie, Colin, et al.
(författare)
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Higher-capacity communication links based on two-mode phase-sensitive amplifiers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087 .- 1094-4087. ; 19:13, s. 11977-11991
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical communication links are usually made with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, which amplify the signal waves in a phase-insensitive (PI) manner. They can also be made with parametric fiber amplifiers, in which the signal waves interact with idler waves. If information is transmitted using only the signals, parametric amplifiers are PI and their noise figures are comparable to those of erbium amplifiers. However, transmitting correlated information in the signals and idlers, or copying the signals prior to transmission, allows parametric amplifiers to be phase-sensitive (PS), which lowers their noise figures. The information capacities of two-mode PS links exceed those of the corresponding PI links by 2 b/s-Hz.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- McKinstrie, Colin, et al.
(författare)
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Schmidt decompositions of parametric processes I: Basic theory and simple examples
- 2013
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087 .- 1094-4087. ; 21:2, s. 1374-1394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parametric devices based on four-wave mixing in fibers perform many signal-processing functions required by optical communication systems. In these devices, strong pumps drive weak signal and idler sidebands, which can have one or two polarization components, and one or many frequency components. The evolution of these components (modes) is governed by a system of coupled-mode equations. Schmidt decompositions of the associated transfer matrices determine the natural input and output mode vectors of such systems, and facilitate the optimization of device performance. In this paper, the basic properties of Schmidt decompositions are derived from first principles and are illustrated by two simple examples (one- and two-mode parametric amplification). In a forthcoming paper, several nontrivial examples relevant to current research (including four-mode parametric amplification) will be discussed.
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| 8. |
- McKinstrie, Colin, et al.
(författare)
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Schmidt decompositions of parametric processes II: Vector four-wave mixing
- 2013
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087 .- 1094-4087. ; 21:9, s. 11009-11020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In vector four-wave mixing, one or two strong pump waves drive two weak signal and idler waves, each of which has two polarization components. In this paper, vector four-wave mixing processes in a randomly-birefringent fiber (modulation interaction, phase conjugation and Bragg scattering) are studied in detail. For each process, the Schmidt decompositions of the coupling matrices facilitate the solution of the signal-idler equations and the Schmidt decomposition of the associated transfer matrix. The results of this paper are valid for arbitrary pump polarizations.
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| 9. |
- Myslivets, E., et al.
(författare)
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1.56-μs continuously tunable parametric delay line for a 40-Gb/s signal
- 2009
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087 .- 1094-4087. ; 17:14, s. 11958-11964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental demonstration of an all-fiber, all-optical continuously tunable delay line is reported. The 1.56-mu s delay with a record 62,400 time-delay bit-rate product was characterized for a 40-Gbps data channel. The result was enabled by parametric dispersion compensation with cascaded triple-conversion in highly-nonlinear fiber capable of continuous tuning over 39.5 nm.
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| 10. |
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