| 1. |
- McNeil, T F, et al.
(författare)
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Unwanted pregnancy as a risk factor for offspring schizophrenia-spectrum and affective disorders in adulthood: a prospective high-risk study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 1469-8978. ; 39:6, s. 957-965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study investigated whether 'unwanted pregnancy' (i.e. a negative or ambivalent attitude towards the pregnancy/reproduction) is associated with schizophrenia-spectrum and affective disorders in the offspring in adulthood, and if so, whether other pregnancy, perinatal, childhood or genetic-risk factors account for this association.MethodIn a prospective study beginning during pregnancy, unwanted pregnancy (in combination with other early life risk factors) was studied in relation to adult mental disorders in 75 genetic high-risk (HR) and 91 normal-risk (NR) offspring, defined through maternal psychosis history. Early life risk factors were studied through personal interviews, observations and medical records, and offspring mental disorders were independently diagnosed through follow-up examination at about 22 years of age. RESULTS: Unwanted pregnancy by itself was significantly related to adult offspring schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in both the total sample and the HR subgroup, but the effect was found to be limited to the HR group and occurred in interaction with genetic risk. Other co-temporaneous pregnancy stressors and later perinatal complications, malformations and early childhood environmental stressors could not explain this relationship. Unwanted pregnancy also interacted with genetic-risk status in relating to affective disorders in the offspring. CONCLUSIONS: Unwanted pregnancy, when occurring together with genetic risk for psychosis, was found to be related to both adult schizophrenia-spectrum and affective mental disorders in the offspring. Although the effect of unwanted pregnancy could be mediated by other yet-unidentified factors, unwanted pregnancy might be a functional, discrete environmental psychosocial factor with its own deleterious impact on offspring mental development, when co-occurring with genetic risk.
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| 2. |
- Tedgård, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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How do carriers of hemophilia and their spouses experience prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling?
- 1999
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Ingår i: Clinical Genetics. - 0009-9163. ; 55:1, s. 26-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A semistructured personal interview with 29 female carriers of hemophilia and 23 of their spouses was performed at a median of 3 1/2 years after the first chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and gene analysis. Carriers with a hemophilic father or brother, had high sense of coherence (SOC) scores, and thus would be expected to have good ability to handle the stress of prenatal diagnosis (PD). Prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia by CVS was generally well accepted by the women and their spouses. However, the period while waiting for test results was experienced as emotionally troublesome by both the women and their spouses; women reporting significantly more psychiatric or psychosomatic symptoms than men. Positive effects resulting from participation by the spouse on how the women experienced PD could not be identified. Selective abortion after first trimester PD was clearly experienced as emotionally painful by both the women and their spouses, these reactions being similar to, but not as pronounced as those found after second trimester selective abortion. Notably, signs of depressive mood were observed several years after the abortion, and the provision of psychosocial support should be recommended for couples who decide upon termination of pregnancy following PD.
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| 3. |
- Tedgård, U., et al.
(författare)
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Identifying carriers at high risk for negative reactions when performing prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia
- 1997
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 3:2, s. 123-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the current study was to determine which pregnant carriers of haemophilia are at particularly high risk for having notably negative psychological reactions in association with prenatal diagnosis (PND) by fetal blood sampling of offspring haemophilia. Among 29 carriers of haemophilia A or B, notable psychiatric or psychosomatic symptoms in association with PND were significantly related to the woman's having a negative view of herself in general and of being a gene carrier, a planned pregnancy, high education, a good general knowledge of haemophilia and a guiding philosophy of life. Women with strong negative reactions significantly more often reported signs of depressive mood at follow-up. The results suggest that giving more information and promoting increased knowledge about the disease and the PND procedure will, by itself, not help women to cope better emotionally. Provision of prospective psychosocial support is recommended.
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| 4. |
- Tedgård, U., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term psychological effects of carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia: Comparison with a control group
- 1999
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Ingår i: Prenatal Diagnosis. - 1097-0223. ; 19:5, s. 411-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long-term psychological effects resulting from carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis (PD) of haemophilia were evaluated by comparing mental symptomatology scores (Symptom Check List, SCL-90) for 50 carriers of haemophilia who had undergone PD about five years earlier, 55 carriers who had not undergone PD and 262 control women who were not carriers. All of the women had children. Carrier testing for haemophilia per se and in combination with PD does not appear to have negative long-term psychological effects. A low tendency for somatization seems to be a factor characteristic of carriers considering PD for haemophilia and it was particularly salient when carriers had to consider the more invasive late PD procedures (amniocentesis and fetal blood sampling). Women who performed late PD appeared to represent a positive selection of carriers for whom a good sense of coherence and social support protected them from negative long-term psychological effects. It is reassuring that early PD by CVS, which is the current method of choice for PD for haemophilia, did not appear to have negative long-term psychological effects, even for women who had had an early abortion following PD.
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| 5. |
- Tedgård, U., et al.
(författare)
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Reproductive choices of haemophilia carriers
- 1999
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048. ; 106:2, s. 421-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The actual reproductive choices made by slightly over a quarter of all the carriers of severe or moderate haemophilia in Sweden were investigated and compared with those of a randomly selected age-matched group of women who were not carriers of haemophilia. In general, the 105 carriers had the same number of children as other women of similar age. However, carriers who did not choose prenatal diagnosis (PD) often abstained from further pregnancies after the birth of a haemophilic child, and they had significantly fewer children than the remainder of the carriers, as well as fewer children than women in the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed choice of PD to be correlated to a positive attitude towards abortion following PD and a family history of haemophilia. Carriers who have experienced the complications of haemophilia or its treatment appear to be more in favor of PD than women whose haemophilic children have received modern treatment without complications.
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