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- Dahlum, Sirianne, et al.
(författare)
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Female Empowerment and Economic Growth
- 2020
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Ingår i: SSRN Electronic Journal. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet. - 1556-5068.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We discuss how inclusive institutions enhance technological change, the main driver of long-term economic growth. Specifically, institutions that promote female political empowerment advance technological change through a) increasing the number and variability of new ideas introduced in the economy and b) improving the selection of more efficient ideas. We test different implications from our argument by measuring three aspects of empowerment - descriptive representation, civil liberties protection, and civil society participation - across 182 countries and 221 years. Empowerment is positively related to subsequent growth, even when accounting for initial differences in income, past growth rates, democracy, and country- and year-fixed effects. The three sub-components of empowerment are also, individually, related to growth, although not as strongly as the aggregated concept. The relationship is retained across different regimes, time periods, and geographic contexts, but is clearer for "Non-Western" countries. Finally, empowerment enhances TFP growth, a proxy for technological change.
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| 2. |
- Dahlum, Sirianne, et al.
(författare)
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Women's political empowerment and economic growth
- 2022
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Ingår i: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate whether and how women's political empowerment relates to technological change, the main driver of long-term economic growth. We argue that three aspects of empowerment – descriptive representation, civil liberties protection, and civil society participation – advance technological change and thereby economic growth through (a) increasing the number and variability of new ideas introduced in the economy and (b) improving the selection of more efficient ideas. Drawing on data from 182 countries and 221 years, we test various implications from our argument. Women's political empowerment is positively related to subsequent economic growth. This relationship persists across various model specifications and when accounting for different potential confounders. The three sub-components of empowerment are also, individually, related to growth, although not as strongly as the aggregated concept. The relationship is retained across different contexts, but is clearer for “Non-Western” countries and in earlier time periods. We also find evidence that women's political empowerment enhances technological change.
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| 4. |
- Edgell, A. B., et al.
(författare)
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When and where do elections matter? A global test of the democratization by elections hypothesis, 1900–2010
- 2018
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Ingår i: Democratization. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1351-0347 .- 1743-890X. ; 25:3, s. 422-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Successive multiparty elections in sub-Saharan Africa are associated with incremental democratization. Yet tests in other regions are less than encouraging. Non-significant findings on Latin America and post-communist Eurasia, as well as conceptual criticism regarding the theory’s application in the contemporary Middle East, suggest that this may be a case of African exceptionalism. This article moves these debates forward by posing a comprehensive, global set of tests on the democratizing effect of elections. We seek to establish the scope conditions of the argument geographically, temporally, and substantively. Although we find a correlation between reiterated multiparty elections and improvements in the liberal-democratic components of electoral regimes globally since 1900, the relationship is only substantial in the period since the onset of the third wave of democracy. Experiences with iterated multiparty elections have substantive importance for democratization in sub-Saharan Africa, the post-communist region, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia. For the Middle East and North Africa, the relationship is weaker and less robust. Finally, the results suggest that reiterated sequences of multiparty elections are associated with improvements to liberal and deliberative components of democracy more so than egalitarian components. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 7. |
- Lindberg, Staffan I, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Saudi Arabia: A Country Report Based on V-Dem Data 1900-2012
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Saudi Arabia’s regime is commonly criticized by a number of human rights organizations for failing to meet various democratic norms. The country has been accused of gross violations of women’s rights, media oppression, implementing judicial corporal and capital punishment, failing to organize direct national elections for any public offices etc. The V-¬Dem dataset,nwhich contains various components measuring different aspects of democracy and human rights (HR), makes a detailed and nuanced picture of Saudi Arabia’s historical development possible.
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| 8. |
- Lührmann, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Constraining Governments: New indices of vertical, horizontal and diagonal accountability
- 2017
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Accountability - constraints on the government’s use of political power - is one of the cornerstones of good governance. However, conceptual stretching and a lack of reliable measures have limited cross-national research and comparisons regarding the role of both accountability writ large and its different sub-types. To address this research gap, we use the V-Dem dataset and Bayesian statistical models to develop new ways to conceptualize and measure accountability and its core dimensions. We provide indices capturing the extent to which governments are accountable to citizens (vertical accountability), other state institutions (horizontal accountability) and the media and civil society (diagonal accountability), as well as an aggregate index that incorporates the three sub-types. These indices cover virtually all countries from 1900 to today. We demonstrate the validity of our new measures by analyzing trends from key countries, as well as by demonstrating that the measures are positively related to development outcomes such as health and education.
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| 9. |
- Lührmann, Anna, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Constraining Governments: New Indices of Vertical, Horizontal, and Diagonal Accountability
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Political Science Review. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0003-0554 .- 1537-5943. ; 114:3, s. 811-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accountability-constraints on a government's use of political power-is one of the cornerstones of good governance. However, conceptual stretching and a lack of reliable measures have limited cross-national research on this concept. To address this research gap, we use V-Dem data and innovative Bayesian methods to develop new indices of accountability and its subtypes: the extent to which governments are accountable to citizens (vertical accountability), other state institutions (horizontal accountability), and the media and civil society (diagonal accountability). In this article, we describe the conceptual and empirical framework underlying these indices and demonstrate their content, convergent, and construct validity. The resulting indices have unprecedented coverage (1900-present) and offer researchers and policymakers new opportunities to investigate the causes and consequences of accountability and its disaggregated subtypes. Furthermore, the methodology provides a framework for theoretically driven index construction to scholars working with cross-national panel data.
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| 10. |
- Lührmann, Anna, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Democracy at Dusk?
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- V-Dem Annual Democracy Report 2017
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