| 1. |
- Mulder, J., et al.
(författare)
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Bayesian model selection of informative hypotheses for repeated measurements
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of mathematical psychology (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0022-2496 .- 1096-0880. ; 53:6, s. 530-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When analyzing repeated measurements data, researchers often have expectations about the relations between the measurement means. The expectations can often be formalized using equality and inequality constraints between (i) the measurement means over time, (ii) the measurement means between groups, (iii) the means adjusted for time-invariant covariates, and (iv) the means adjusted for time-varying covariates. The result is a set of informative hypotheses. In this paper, the Bayes factor is used to determine which hypothesis receives most support from the data. A pivotal element in the Bayesian framework is the specification of the prior. To avoid subjective prior specification, training data in combination with restrictions on the measurement means are used to obtain so-called constrained posterior priors. A simulation study and an empirical example from developmental psychology show that this prior results in Bayes factors with desirable properties.
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| 2. |
- Selfhout, Maarten H. W., et al.
(författare)
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The development of delinquency and perceived friendship quality in adolescent best friendship dyads
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0091-0627 .- 1573-2835. ; 36:4, s. 471-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examines both the unique and the combined role of best friends' delinquency and perceived friendship quality in the development of adolescent delinquency. Questionnaire data were gathered from 435 Dutch adolescent best friends (mean age at first wave = 12.97) over a period of 5 years with annual assessments. Results showed that mean levels of delinquency and perceived friendship quality increased over time. Adolescent best friends were highly similar in both mean levels and changes in delinquency over time. For boys, similarity in mean level delinquency between best friends was higher than for girls. In addition, only for boys, friends' delinquency is associated with increases in adolescent delinquency over time, and adolescents' delinquency is associated with increases in friends' delinquency over time. No bidirectional longitudinal associations were found between perceived friendship quality and adolescent delinquency. No interaction effects between friendship quality and friends' delinquency on adolescent delinquency were found. Thus, findings were more in support of the differential association theory than of the social control theory.
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| 3. |
- Selfhout, Maarten H. W., et al.
(författare)
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The role of music preferences in early adolescents' friendship formation and stability
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescence. - : Wiley. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254. ; 32:1, s. 95-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present Study examines the role of similarity in music preferences in the formation and discontinuation or friendships over a I-year period. Questionnaire data were gathered from 293 Dutch same-sex mutual best friends (mean age = 12.97) in two waves with a I-year Interval. Results show consistent evidence for high similarity in specific music dimensions among friends at both waves. Moderate similarity was found in the overall patterning of preferences for music genres at both waves, even after controlling for similarity in social background. Specific Music similarity in more non-mainstream music dimensions and overall music similarity at Wave I were related to selecting a new friend at Wave 2. However, similarity in music preferences was not related to the discontinuation of an existing friendship at Wave 2. Thus, results suggest that similarity in music preferences is related to friendship formation, and not to Friendship discontinuation. (C) 2007 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- ter Bogt, Tom F. M., et al.
(författare)
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Intergenerational continuity of taste : parental and adolescent music preferences
- 2011
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Ingår i: Social Forces. - : Oxford University Press. - 0037-7732 .- 1534-7605. ; 90:1, s. 297-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the continuity in music taste from parents to their children is discussed via a multi-actor design. In our models music preferences of 325 adolescents and both their parents were linked, with parental and adolescent educational level as covariates. Parents’ preferences for different types of music that had been popular when they were young were subsumed under the general labels of Pop, Rock and Highbrow. Current adolescent music preferences resolved into Pop, Rock, Highbrow and Dance. Among partners in a couple, tastes were similar; for both generations, education was linked to taste; and parental preferences predicted adolescent music choices. More specifically, the preference of fathers and mothers for Pop was associated with adolescent preferences for Pop and Dance. Parents’ preferences for Rock seemed to indicate their daughters would also like Rock music, but not their sons. Parental passion for Highbrow music was associated with Highbrow preferences among their children. It is concluded that preferences for cultural artifacts such as (popular) music show continuity from generation to generation.
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| 6. |
- van Zalk, Maarten H. W., et al.
(författare)
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Who benefits from chatting, and why? : the roles of extraversion and supportiveness in online chatting and emotional adjustment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. - : Sage Publications. - 0146-1672 .- 1552-7433. ; 37:9, s. 1202-1215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study aimed to provide more insight into the role of online chatting in young adults’ emotional adjustment. A model was tested that takes into account (a) extraversion of individuals who communicate online, (b) the kind of peers these individuals communicate with online (i.e., online-exclusive peers vs. friends), and (c) the extent to which effects of online chatting on emotional adjustment are mediated by individuals’ ability to provide support to others. Young adults (age M = 18.9) filled out questionnaires about themselves and their fellow students at three measurements with a 4-month interval. Results showed that only for less extraverted individuals, chatting with peers found exclusively online directly predicted higher self-esteem and indirectly predicted less depressive symptoms through increases in supportiveness. Thus, results supported a model of social compensation where effects of online chatting with online-exclusive peers improved young adults’ emotional adjustment.
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| 7. |
- Denissen, Jaap J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Antecedents and consequences of peer-rated intelligence
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Personality. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0890-2070 .- 1099-0984. ; 25:2, s. 108-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study investigated the antecedents and consequences of peer-rated intelligence in a longitudinal round robin design, following previously unacquainted members of small student work groups. Results indicated that peer-reputations of intelligence were reliable, stable and weakly correlated with objective intelligence. Bias was shown by correlations with interpersonal liking (decreasing across time) and idiosyncratic rating tendencies (increasing across time). Agreement between self-ratings and peer-reputations increased over time but was not based on increasing accuracy but on reciprocal associations between self-ratings and peer-reputations in the beginning of the acquaintanceship process, and on peer-reputations predicting changes in self-ratings later on. Finally, it was shown that peer-rated intelligence reputations predict academic achievement across two 4-month periods (even when tested intelligence was controlled) and dropout from university after 8 months. Overall, the pattern of results demonstrates the utility of a socioanalytic perspective in analysing personality and social processes.
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| 8. |
- Dufner, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Positive intelligence illusions : on the relation between intellectual self-enhancement and psychological adjustment
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of personality. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-3506 .- 1467-6494. ; 80:3, s. 537-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation between self-enhancement and psychological adjustment has been debated for over 2 decades. This controversy is partly due to the variety of approaches implicated in the assessment of mainly self-enhancement but also psychological adjustment. We adopted a face-valid approach by statistically removing actual intellectual ability variance from self-rated intellectual ability variance. Study 1 (N?=?2,048), a concurrent Internet investigation, provided initial insight into the relation between intellectual self-enhancement and psychological adjustment. Study 2 (N?=?238), a longitudinal round-robin investigation, allowed a closer examination of the dynamic processes underlying this relation. Self-enhancement was positively linked to multiple indicators of intrapersonal and interpersonal adjustment, and predicted rank-order increases in adjustment over time. The links between intellectual self-enhancement and intrapersonal adjustment were mediated by self-esteem. Finally, the interpersonal costs and benefits of self-enhancement systematically varied depending on methodology.
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| 9. |
- van Zalk, Maarten Herman Walter, et al.
(författare)
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It takes three : selection, influence, and de-selection processes of depression in adolescent friendship networks
- 2010
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0012-1649 .- 1939-0599. ; 46:4, s. 927-938
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors of this study tested a selection influence de-selection model of depression. This model explains friendship influence processes (i.e., friends' depressive symptoms increase adolescents' depressive symptoms) while controlling for two processes: friendship selection (i.e., selection of friends with similar levels of depressive symptoms) and friendship de-selection (i.e., de-selection of friends with dissimilar levels of depressive symptoms). Further, this study is unique in that these processes were studied both inside and outside the school context. The authors used a social network approach to examine 5 annual measurements of data in a large (N = 847) community-based network of adolescents and their friends (M = 14.3 years old at first measurement). Results supported the proposed model: adolescents tend to select friends with similar levels of depression, and friends may increase each other's depressive symptoms as relationships endure. These two processes were most salient outside the school context. At the same time, friendships seemed to be ended more frequently if adolescents' level of depressive symptoms was dissimilar to that of their friends.
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| 10. |
- van Zalk, Maarten Herman Walter, et al.
(författare)
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Peer contagion and adolescent depression : the role of failure anticipation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1537-4416 .- 1537-4424. ; 39:6, s. 837-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study investigated the mechanisms underlying peer contagion of depressive symptoms in adolescence. Five annual measurements of data were gathered from a large (N=842) community-based network of adolescents (M=14.3 years at first measurement). Results showed that, after controlling for selection and deselection of friends on the basis of depressive symptoms, peers' depressive symptoms predicted increases in adolescents' depressive symptoms over time. Failure anticipation mediated effects of peers' depressive symptoms on adolescents' depressive symptoms, particularly for girls. Thus, results suggest that peers' depressive symptoms place adolescents at risk of developing depressive symptoms through increasing in failure anticipation.
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