| 1. |
- Meha, Drilon, et al.
(författare)
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A novel spatial based approach for estimation of space heating demand saving potential and CO2 emissions reduction in urban areas
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space heating accounts for the most significant share of final energy demand in buildings in colder climatic regions contributing to greenhouse gas emission. In addition, there is a lack of data available to assess spatially, the potential of space heating demand reduction in different buildings when considering typical building refurbishment measures. Hence, in this paper, a robust information socket for urban building stock is developed to assess the impact of energy efficiency measures on space heating demand savings and CO2 emission reduction potential in the existing buildings based on a Geographical Information System tool. The model considers the topology and thermal performance of different building categories; houses with and without thermal insulation, apartments, commercial, public, office, and industrial buildings. Three scenarios, a reference and two additional scenarios using Prishtina city as a case study, have been created for standard (scenario 1), and advanced energy efficiency (scenario 2) measures based on the government's proposed policies. The findings show that space heat demand saving potential for scenario 1 and 2 in comparison to the reference scenario was 50% and 68.5% respectively. Moreover, the CO2 emissions are reduced significantly from 502.3 mil kgCO(2)/year in reference scenario to 249.8 mil kgCO(2)/year for scenario 1 and 158.7 mil kgCO(2)/year in scenario 2 respectively.
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| 2. |
- Meha, Drilon, et al.
(författare)
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A novel spatial?temporal space heating and hot water demand method for expansion analysis of district heating systems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fourth generation of district heating will play a significant role in the decarbonization of energy systems. In general, only space heating demand is considered when assessing the district heating potential, excluding hot water. In contrast, the hot water demand accounts for up to 18% of total final energy demand in buildings. Hence, in this paper, a spatial?temporal method for annual hot water demand is considered in conjunction with space heating demand while technically and economically assessing the expansion potential of the district heating. A bottom-up heat demand mapping process was carried out for Pristina city to identify the space heating demand of buildings, while a top-down approach was used for spatial mapping of hot water demand. Hourly, daily, weekly and seasonal hot water demand profiles, besides heating degree-day method used for space heating, were considered when estimating the temporal operation of district heating. The findings show that the existing district heating can be increased four times when excluding hot water and five times when considering both space heating and hot water demand of buildings. Moreover, the heat supply capacities needed in district heating to cover space heating and hot water demand would be 600 MW and 70 MW respectively.
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