| 1. |
- Aminoff, Hedvig
(författare)
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Unpacking the Sociotechnical Complexity of a Surgical Setting : Capturing the Context of Use to Inform Design and Evaluation
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on how the implementation context for a surgical telementoringservice can be understood as a complex, adaptive sociotechnical system.Teleguidance was a service for remote surgical consultation in Endoscopic RetrogradeCholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a highly specialized clinical procedure.The solution had been developed in a participatory design setting andhad also been successfully trialed in a pilot study. It was to be deployed atfour additional hospitals, but differences between the implementation contextswould make it challenging to understand clinical outcomes, and could also affectmatters such as adoption.This thesis includes four papers which converge on user needs and the sociotechnicalimplementation context for teleguidance. The aim was to demonstratehow a sociotechnical systems oriented approach could be used to identifyfactors that could interact with the implementation. The first paper describesan investigation of attitudes and expectations among end-users and other stakeholders.The second paper shows how modelling the sociotechnical work systemmade it possible to investigate and proactively identify issues that might influenceimplementation and adoption. The third paper explicates methodologicalaspects of modeling the domain. The fourth paper describes a study designed tocapture early reactions to working with the system. Seen together, the researchrepresents a design science approach, that proposes that the implementationcontext can be viewed as a complex, adaptive system, and provides examplesthat show how focusing on user and stakeholder needs and wider context ofuse is a viable approach for supporting the implementation and evaluation oftelemedicine systems in complex settings.
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| 2. |
- Güneysu Özgür, Arzu, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Tangible Robot Mediated Co-located Games to Enhance Social Inclusion for Neurodivergent Children
- 2022
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Ingår i: IDC '22. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery. - 9781450391979 ; , s. 536-543, s. 536-543
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurodivergent children with cognitive and communicative difficulties often experience a lower level of social integration in comparison to neurotypical children. Therefore it is crucial to understand social inclusion challenges and address exclusion. Since previous work shows that gamified robotic activities have a high potential to enable inclusive and collaborative environments we propose using robot-mediated games for enhancing social inclusion. In this work, we present the design of a multiplayer tangible Pacman game with three different inter-player interaction modalities: semi-dependent collaborative, dependent collaborative, and competitive. The initial usability evaluation and the observations of the experiments show the benefits of the game for creating collaborative and cooperative practices for the players and thus also potential for social interaction and social inclusion. Importantly, we observe that inter-player interaction design affects the communication between the players and their physical interaction with the game.
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| 3. |
- Shreenath, Vinutha Magal
(författare)
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Creating Knowledge with Data Science for Design in Systems
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Designing in large-scale engineering systems is a difficult cognitive task undertaken by experts. Knowledge of experts continually changes as they are confronted with similar by different problems in designing in such systems. However, it is also important that designers are presented information that is representative of the system,and that they are cognizant of activities on a system scale so they can create diverse choices for designs in early phase of design process.Data Science has been proven to be effective at informing people for decisions at immediate horizons. But the use of data science to drive long terms designs where experts have to make the right series of decisions i.e. designs is yet unknown. The use of data science is to inform decision makers of activities at system scale.In this thesis, I have looked at how data science can be used to create knowledge in designers for designing in large scale systems. I have also investigated further questions regarding imitation of expertise using AI, and in generating similar knowledge by creating diverse options in design.The results point out that data science can indeed inform designers, change their designs and hence create knowledge. They also point out that design cognition in experts can be partly imitated in data science itself, through careful modeling of the ill-defined problem in design. This therefore points to a promising future direction where data can be used as an interface between human thinking and machine learning, by translation of conceptual forms such as differential diagnoses and cognitive artefacts using data.
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| 4. |
- Zhang, Chen
(författare)
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Serious Game Approach for Improving Healthcare Logistics
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although serious games are central to corporate learning of needed skills for industrial operations sectors, their use for managing healthcare logistics has rarely been discussed from the perspective of game mechanics in terms of motivation, engagement and the achievement of the desired objectives. This thesis discusses serious games as a method for improving healthcare logistics with a case study in paediatric emergency medicine. This case is also exemplary for many other situations in the hospital sector. To understand the methodological state-of-the-art, in the first study, a systematic literature review of the simulation and gaming methods used to address logistical issues in healthcare was first of all performed based on eliciting two-hundred-and-seventy-three identified journal articles. The review found that the simulation studies focused on the modelling of work system mechanisms, whereas the introduction of game elements specifically designed for promoting desired behaviours, although pertinent, remained unexplored. Consider the type of problems that are addressed using simulation models, these models may be ideal candidates for addressing a wide variety of logistical issues. Intrigued by these findings, the second study explored a serious game design based on a simulation model representing patient flow characteristics and systemic resource configurations. The results indicate that the participatory allocation of resources would improve pure simulation-based predictions; nevertheless, the players felt challenged for a total management of the simulated emergency department. The simulation with a participatory aspect provides a challenging environment flexible enough to account for the demand-andprovision balance, preferences from actors, and the use of relevant game mechanics to reflect logistical aspects. This led to the third study incorporating the roles of the managers responsible for patient flow stratification in a parallel functioning healthcare production system and the specially designed scoring-based feature on top of healthcare production logistics to facilitate desirable behaviours in favour of overcoming access blocks and to monitor learning progress in corporation training situations. These features were tested in game-based learning activities under different modalities. Scores for the Game Experience Questionnaire and the data of in-game learning behaviours were collected to allow quantitative research to evaluate the experience, acceptance and effect of learning. The serious game in this thesis contrasts with that of previous applications in health which tend to be less challenging and of low difficulty levels. Scores and transitions of learning behaviours stems from a game design aiming to achieve the expected outcomes in learning the logistical management principles of healthcare and the delivery of the production decisions in a meaningful manner. In order to understand the effect of environmental stimuli on decisionmaking processes, in the fourth study, behavioural aspects were investigated in a more detailed level. Choice modelling of the revealed data from most of experiments was conducted to further estimate the efficacy of game elements as factors potentially influencing healthcare production decisions. The results showed that the effectiveness of the proposed scoring system is approximately identical to that of the contingent game elements, whereas the diminution of resource utilization is detrimental for choosing the patient transfer alternative. Certain suggestions on game design were also made. This thesis showed that a serious game, if rightly designed, could be a valuable tool in the case of practising decision making processes in health systems and understanding the impact of environmental parameters in a simulated environment with real operational data. The thesis might also serve as a reliable source of reference for game designers who wish to model and simulate complex social-technical systems that can be dictated by operational circumstances
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| 5. |
- Abourraja, Mohamed Nezar, et al.
(författare)
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A Data-Driven Discrete Event Simulation Model to Improve Emergency Department Logistics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2022 Winter Simulation Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demands for health care are becoming overwhelming for healthcare systems around the world regarding theavailability of resources, particularly, in emergency departments (EDs) that are continuously open and mustserve immediately any patient who comes in. Efficient management of EDs and their resources is requiredmore than ever. This could be achieved either by optimizing resource utilization or by the improvement ofhospital layout. This paper investigates, through data-driven simulation alternative designs of workflowsand layouts to operate the ED of the Uppsala University Hospital in Sweden. Results are analyzed tounderstand the requirements across the hospital for reduced waiting times in the ED. The main observationrevealed that introducing a new ward dedicated to patients having complex diagnoses with a capacity ofless than 20 beds leads to lower waiting times. Furthermore, the use of data-mining was of great help inreducing the efforts of building the simulation model.
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| 6. |
- Abourraja, Mohamed Nezar, et al.
(författare)
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A model-driven design approach for Ro-Ro and container terminals: from requirements analysis down to simulation model implementation
- 2021
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Ingår i: 20th International Conference on Modeling and Applied Simulation, MAS 2021. - : Cal-Tek Srl. ; , s. 9-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modeling, one of the main pillars of good scientific research, is a long-standing multidisciplinary activity to understand and analyze complex systems. In this paper, the focus is directed toward conceptual modeling of multi-terminal seaports specialized in handling and treatment of intermodal transport units (ITU). These systems are complex with highly dynamic and stochastic behaviors and actors, therefore, studying them as a coherent whole or just analyzing one part by taking into account the high degree of integration among the different aspects and actors linked by a flow of activities, information, and interactions is a bet lost in advance without a well-defined design process. Several design approaches and methodologies have been proposed over the years, but nonetheless, there is still no agreement on how to conduct modeling of complex systems because they are of different kinds. In this line, this paper proposes a top-down approach for container and Ro-Ro terminals largely inspired by the Unified Process Methodology and refined through several research projects that we have been involved in. It gives some recommendations and guidelines as well as a helpful way to successfully build modular and consistent simulation models. To prove its efficiency, it was applied to a case study and the resulting models were validated by the subject matter's experts.
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| 7. |
- Abourraja, Mohamed Nezar, et al.
(författare)
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A simulation-based decision support framework devoted to Ro-Ro terminals : Design, implementation and evaluation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computers & industrial engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-8352 .- 1879-0550. ; 180, s. 109248-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a type of intermodal terminal, pure Ro-Ro terminals are one of the most important logistic hubs in the supply chain for rolling freight stored in containerized and wheeled steel boxes. These large-scale systems are highly complex, with nonlinear and hard-to-predict behavior evolving in a stochastic environment. Consequently, making decisions about any problem thereof is no mean feat, particularly for terminal planners. To assist them in decision-making, a pool of relevant models and tools have been developed over the years in the literature. Nevertheless, models that are oriented toward specific objectives dominate, and generic ones are rare. This paper tries to fill this gap and proposes a generic framework to be used as a factory to create specific decision support models based on simulation for pure Ro-Ro terminals. This framework is formulated following two artifacts: (1) the known classification of key performance indicators combined with the typical functional and physical organization of pure Ro-Ro terminals; (2) the three main arteries of harbor systems, namely flows, decisions and operations. Then a scalable way of making decisions based on a flexible form of the cost function weighted according to a set of coefficients is integrated. These designed coefficients allow decision-makers a wide flexibly in choosing how the best solutions are determined. An application of this framework is illustrated through a real case study, where the weights are estimated using an expert-profiling based approach then pushed into the OptQuest optimizer to be calibrated before analyzing the results. These results are aggregated, then expressed as scores on a scale of 0 to 1. This is to help terminal planners to easily identify the worst and best planning scenarios as well as the relationships and compatibilities between the involved handling rules to suggest different alternatives for managing operations.
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| 8. |
- Abourraja, Mohamed Nezar, et al.
(författare)
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Exploiting simulation model potential in investigating handling capacity of Ro-Ro terminals: The case study of Norvik seaport
- 2022
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Ingår i: Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-190X. ; 117, s. 102513-102513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the spotlight is directed towards studying the handling capacity of pure Ro-Ro terminals, especially the new terminal of Norvik port. To this end, a simulation model based on a distributed architecture is built to assess the handling capacity under different flow scenarios with a particular focus on the trailer flow and export-lorry flow the terminal can handle in terms of resource availability, trailer-dwell times and management rules. This helped to determine the number of resources required to evacuate smoothly the incoming flows and to identify where potential bottlenecks happen the most inside the terminal. The established model is verified then validated by experts to conduct properly the experiment study where the model is fed with empirical data provided by terminal authorities. This experiment showed that the terminal can handle flows of which trailers do not exceed 17% and the export fraction of lorries is at most 42%.
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| 9. |
- Abourraja, Mohamed Nezar, et al.
(författare)
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Proposal of a module-driven architecture for building simulation models devoted to container terminals : dilemmas in applying generic, flexible, and modular principles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Simulation (San Diego, Calif.). - : SAGE Publications. - 0037-5497 .- 1741-3133. ; 99:7, s. 703-727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Container terminals are complex systems where containerized cargo undergoes a set of processing and handling operations to be delivered to their outgoing modes. A pool of decision support methods and simulation models has been developed to assist planners and managers in making decisions about daily operations. Nevertheless, most are designed for a particular terminal and not generic types. Indeed, a generic model serves as a conceptual factory to create specific models which greatly reduces the time and efforts of development; however, building such a model is no mean feat. To this aim, the paper on hand discusses the complexity of applying genericity, flexibility, and modularity in system modeling and proposes a generic architecture to build modular and flexible simulation models for container terminals. This architecture is split into a set of smaller, manageable, well-connected, and generic modules that facilitate the creation of highly parametrized specific models. An illustrative example of the architecture usage is presented in a case study, the new container terminal of Stockholm, and the resulting models were validated by subject matter experts. Finally, to prove its efficiency, a numerical study fed with real data is conducted to investigate the handling capacity of the studied system under different handling and flow scenarios. The obtained results show that the terminal handling capacity can be increased by around 50% if three to four more straddle carriers are added to the existing fleet.
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| 10. |
- Aminoff, Hedvig, et al.
(författare)
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Context and Complexity in Telemedicine Evaluation : Work Domain Analysis in a Surgical Setting
- 2021
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Ingår i: JMIR Perioperative Medicine. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 2561-9128. ; 4:2, s. e26580-e26580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many promising telemedicine innovations fail to be accepted and used over time, and there are longstanding questions about howto best evaluate telemedicine services and other health information technologies. In response to these challenges, there is a growinginterest in how to take the sociotechnical complexity of health care into account during design, implementation, and evaluation.This paper discusses the methodological implications of this complexity and how the sociotechnical context holds the key tounderstanding the effects and outcomes of telemedicine. Examples from a work domain analysis of a surgical setting, where atelemedicine service for remote surgical consultation was to be introduced, are used to show how abstracted functional modelingcan provide a structured and rigorous means to analyze and represent the implementation context in complex health care settings.
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