| 1. |
- Labit, B., et al.
(författare)
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Dependence on plasma shape and plasma fueling for small edge-localized mode regimes in TCV and ASDEX Upgrade
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. Within the EUROfusion MST1 work package, a series of experiments has been conducted on AUG and TCV devices to disentangle the role of plasma fueling and plasma shape for the onset of small ELM regimes. On both devices, small ELM regimes with high confinement are achieved if and only if two conditions are fulfilled at the same time. Firstly, the plasma density at the separatrix must be large enough (ne,sep/nG ∼ 0.3), leading to a pressure profile flattening at the separatrix, which stabilizes type-I ELMs. Secondly, the magnetic configuration has to be close to a double null (DN), leading to a reduction of the magnetic shear in the extreme vicinity of the separatrix. As a consequence, its stabilizing effect on ballooning modes is weakened.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- van Rheenen, W, et al.
(författare)
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Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 53:12, s. 1636-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons.
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| 4. |
- Pucella, G., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the FTU results
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 62:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the 2018 IAEA FEC Conference, FTU operations have been devoted to several experiments covering a large range of topics, from the investigation of the behaviour of a liquid tin limiter to the runaway electrons mitigation and control and to the stabilization of tearing modes by electron cyclotron heating and by pellet injection. Other experiments have involved the spectroscopy of heavy metal ions, the electron density peaking in helium doped plasmas, the electron cyclotron assisted start-up and the electron temperature measurements in high temperature plasmas. The effectiveness of the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy system has been demonstrated and the new capabilities of the runaway electron imaging spectrometry system for in-flight runaways studies have been explored. Finally, a high resolution saddle coil array for MHD analysis and UV and SXR diamond detectors have been successfully tested on different plasma scenarios.
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| 5. |
- Balbinot, L., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-code estimation of DTT edge transport parameters
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nuclear Materials and Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1791. ; 34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main goal of the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT) is to operate with a high value of power-exhaust-relevant parameter Psoz/R in plasma scenarios similar to those foreseen for the Demonstration Fusion Power Plant (DEMO) in terms of low collisionality and neutral opacity. For these unique characteristics, accurate modelling of the principal scenario is necessary for machine designing. In edge numerical codes, cross-field transport profiles have a high impact on modelling results. This work aims at providing a coherent set of transport parameters for DTT full-power (FP) single-null (SN) scenario edge modelling. To evaluate such parameters for DTT, a transport analysis on the current machine has been performed using SOLEDGE2D-EIRENE and SOLPS-ITER. The transport parameters to be used in the simulations of the DTT single-null scenario were selected using two complementary methods. The first is the modelling of JET and Alcator C-Mod (C-Mod) with SOLEDGE2D-EIRENE and SOLPS-ITER, validating transport parameters by comparing modelling results to experimental data from pulses which are considered DTT-relevant. JET pulses were selected with the highest auxiliary input power (from 29 to 33 MW), plasma current and toroidal field to better match DTT parameters; nitrogen and neon seeded pulses were selected to check possible seeding material dependencies. The considered C-Mod pulse better matches DTT plasma density and neutral opacity. Transport parameters are then scaled to DTT according to scaling laws. The second method derives the transport parameters by tuning their values inside the DTT separatrix to reproduce the pedestal profiles predicted by the EPED model via the Europed code and applied in DTT. The derived set of DTT transport parameters is consistent with the results obtained by modelling present machines, reproduces the expected heat flux decay length in detached conditions and, inside the separatrix, reproduces the predicted pedestal using transport parameters which are coherent with what is predicted by the quasi-linear turbulent model QuaLiKiz.
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| 6. |
- Dahlberg, C. Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Correlations between plant climate optima across different spatial scales
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental and Experimental Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0098-8472 .- 1873-7307. ; 170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying the factors determining the abundance and distribution of species is a fundamental question in ecology. One key issue is how similar the factors determining species' distributions across spatial scales are (here we focus especially on spatial extents). If the factors are similar across extents, then the large scale distribution pattern of a species may provide information about its local habitat requirements, and vice versa. We assessed the relationships between landscape and national optima as well as landscape and continental optima for growing degree days, maximum temperature and minimum temperature for 96 bryophytes and 50 vascular plants. For this set of species, we derived landscape optima from abundance weighted temperature data using species inventories in central Sweden and a fine-grained temperature model (50 m), national optima from niche centroid modelling based on GBIF data from Sweden and the same fine-grained climate model, and continental optima using the same method as for the national optima but from GBIF data from Europe and Worldclim temperatures (c. 1000 m). The landscape optima of all species were positively correlated with national as well as continental optima for maximum temperature (r = 0.45 and 0.46, respectively), weakly so for growing degree days (r = 0.30 and r = 0.28), but sometimes absent for minimum temperature (r = 0.26 and r = 0.04). The regression slopes of national or continental optima on local optima did not differ between vascular plants and bryophytes for GDD and Tmax. However, the relationship between the optima of Tmin differed between groups, being positive in vascular plants but absent in bryophytes. Our results suggest that positive correlations between optima at different spatial scales are present for some climatic variables but not for others. Moreover, our results for vascular plants and bryophytes suggest that correlations might differ between organism groups and depend on the ecology of the focal organisms. This implies that it is not possible to routinely up- or downscale distribution patterns based on environmental correlations, since drivers of distribution patterns might differ across spatial extents.
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| 7. |
- Dahlberg, C. Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Plant landscape climatic optima correlate with their continental range optima
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim Factors determining species’ distributions at smaller scales may inform us about larger scale distributions, and vice versa. We predicted that landscape and continental climatic optima for plants are positively correlated, and that species that have their optima outside a given focal landscape will cluster at the warmest or coldest landscape patches. Also, we predicted that the correlations of temperature optima are stronger for vascular plants than for bryophytes, since bryophytes may be regulated also by air moisture.LocationÅngermanland, Sweden (landscape scale); Europe (continental scale).MethodsWe derived landscape optima from fine-grained temperature models (50 m) and species inventories, and continental optima from MaxEnt niche modelling based on GBIF occurrences and Worldclim temperatures (c. 1000 m), for 96 bryophytes and 50 vascular plants. Optima were derived for growing degree days, and maximum and minimum temperature.ResultsThe landscape and continental optima of all species were positively correlated for growing degree days and maximum temperature (r = 0.19 and r = 0.44), but not for minimum temperature (r = -0.010). Species with their continental optima outside the focal landscape did not clearly cluster in the most extreme parts of the landscape. For vascular plants the correlation was positive for both growing degree days and maximum temperature (r = 0.50 and r = 0.64), but for bryophytes only for maximum temperature (r = 0.34).Main conclusionsThe optima correlations for maximum temperature and growing degree days indicate that we can infer large scale distribution patterns of plants from their local scale distributions, and suggest in which environments species occur if we only know their continental scale optima. The lack of clustering of southern and northern species limits the possibility for conservation actions targeting microrefugia. Lastly, the correlations indicate that the distributions of vascular plants were more influenced by temperature than bryophytes.
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| 8. |
- Meineri, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Using Gaussian Bayesian Networks to disentangle direct and indirect associations between landscape physiography, environmental variables and species distribution
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ecological Modelling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3800 .- 1872-7026. ; 313, s. 127-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landscape physiography affects temperature, soil moisture and solar radiation. In turn, these variables are thought to determine how species are distributed across landscapes. Systems involving direct and indirect associations between variables can be described using path models. However, studies applying these to species distribution modelling are rare. Bayesian Networks are path models designed to represent associations across observed variables. Here, we demonstrate the use of Bayesian Networks to disentangle the direct and indirect associations between landscape physiography, soil moisture, solar radiation, temperature and the distribution patterns of four plants at their northern range limit in Sweden. Fine scale variations in maximum temperatures were associated with variations in elevation, distance to coast and solar radiation. In contrast, fine scale variations in minimum temperature were associated with distance to coast, cold air drainage and soil moisture. These associations between landscape physiography and minimum and maximum temperature were predicted, furthermore, to be associated with growing season length, growing degree day and ultimately species distributions. All species were indirectly associated with aspect through their responses to either solar radiation or temperature. The models demonstrated strong indirect associations between landscape physiography and species distributions. The models suggested that local variation in light can be as important as temperature for species distributions. Disentangling the direct and indirect associations between landscape physiography, environmental variables and species distribution can provide new and important insights into how landscape components are linked to species distributions.
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