| 1. |
- Hiyoshi, Ayako, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Precursors in adolescence of adult-onset bipolar disorder
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 218, s. 353-358
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although the estimated contribution of genetic factors is high in bipolar disorder, environmental factors may also play a role. This Swedish register-based cohort study of men examined if physical and psychological characteristics in late adolescence, including factors previously linked with bipolar disorder (body mass index, asthma and allergy), are associated with subsequent bipolar disorder in adulthood. Unipolar depression and anxiety are analysed as additional outcomes to identify bipolar disorder-specific associations.Methods: A total of 213,693 men born between 1952 and 1956, who participated in compulsory military conscription assessments in late adolescence were followed up to 2009, excluding men with any psychiatric diagnoses at baseline. Cox regression estimated risk of bipolar disorder, depression and anxiety in adulthood associated with body mass index, asthma, allergy, muscular strength stress resilience and cognitive function in adolescence.Results: BMI, asthma and allergy were not associated with bipolar disorder. Higher grip strength, cognitive function and stress resilience were associated with a reduced risk of bipolar disorder and the other disease outcomes.Limitations: The sample consisted only of men; even though the characteristics in adolescence pre-dated disease onset, they may have been the consequence of prodromal disease.Conclusions: Associations with body mass index and asthma found by previous studies may be consequences of bipolar disorder or its treatment rather than risk factors. Inverse associations with all the outcome diagnoses for stress resilience, muscular strength and cognitive function may reflect general risks for these psychiatric disorders or intermediary factors.
|
|
| 2. |
- Melinder, Carren Anyango, 1975-
(författare)
-
Physical and psychological characteristics in adolescence and risk of gastrointestinal disease in adulthood
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and objectives: Physical fitness and stress resilience may influence the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) disease. High physical fitness level may reduce levels of systemic inflammation while psychosocial stress exposure can increase inflammation levels and intestinal permeability. The main objectives are to evaluate if poorer physical fitness and stress resilience in adolescence are associated with a raised risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and GI infections in adulthood and to assess evidence of causality.Materials and methods: Swedish registers provided information on a cohort of approximately 250,000 men who underwent military conscription assessments in late adolescence (1969 –1976) with follow-up until December 2009 (up to age 57 years). Cox regression evaluated the associations of physical fitness and stress resilience in adolescence with subsequent GI disease risk in adulthood.Results and conclusions: IBD: Poor physical fitness was associated with an increased risk of IBD. The association may be explained (in part) by prodromal disease activity reducing exercise capacity and therefore fitness. Low stress resilience was associated with an increased risk of receiving an IBD diagnosis. Stress may not be an important cause of IBD but may increase the likelihood of conversion from subclinical to symptomatic disease. PUD: Low stress resilience was associated with an increased risk of PUD. This may be explained by a combination of physiological and behavioural mechanisms that increase susceptibility to H. pylori infections and other risk factors. GI infections: Low stress resilience was associated with a reduced risk of GI infections, including enteric infections rather than the hypothesised increased risk.
|
|
| 3. |
- Melinder, Carren, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Decreased stress resilience in young men significantly increases the risk of subsequent peptic ulcer disease : a prospective study of 233 093 men in Sweden
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 41:10, s. 1005-1015
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Psychosocial stress may influence peptic ulcer disease (PUD) risk, but it can be difficult to identify reliably whether stressful exposures pre-dated disease. The association of stress resilience (susceptibility to stress) with subsequent PUD risk has been incompletely investigated.AIM: To assess if stress resilience in adolescence is associated with subsequent PUD risk.METHODS: The participants comprised of 233 093 men resident in Sweden, born 1952-1956 and assessed for compulsory military conscription during 1969-1976, with data provided by national Swedish registers. Stress resilience was evaluated through semi-structured interviews by a certified psychologist. Cox regression assessed the association between stress resilience in adolescence and the risk of PUD from 1985 to 2009, between ages 28 and 57 years, with adjustment for parental socioeconomic index, household crowding and number of siblings in childhood, as well as cognitive function and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in adolescence.RESULTS: In total, 2259 first PUD diagnoses were identified. Lower stress resilience in adolescence is associated with a higher risk of PUD in subsequent adulthood: compared with high resilience, the adjusted hazard ratios (and 95% CI) are 1.84 (1.61-2.10) and 1.23 (1.09-1.38) for low and moderate stress resilience, respectively.CONCLUSION: Stress may be implicated in the aetiology of PUD and low stress resilience is a marker of risk.
|
|
| 4. |
- Melinder, Carren, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical Fitness in Adolescence and Subsequent Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. - New York, USA : Nature Publishing Group. - 2155-384X. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Physical fitness may reduce systemic inflammation levels relevant to the risk of symptomatic Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC); we assessed if fitness in adolescence is associated with subsequent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk, independent of markers of risk and prodromal disease activity.Methods: Swedish registers provided information on a cohort of 240,984 men (after exclusions) who underwent military conscription assessments in late adolescence (1969-1976). Follow-up started at least 4 years after the conscription assessment until 31 December 2009 (up to age 57 years). Cox's regression assessed the association of physical fitness with CD (n=986) and UC (n=1,878) in separate models, with adjustment including: socioeconomic conditions in childhood; physical fitness, height, body mass index, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in adolescence; and subsequent diagnoses of IBD.Results: Low fitness was associated with a raised risk of IBD, with unadjusted hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of 1.62 (1.31-2.00) for CD and 1.36 (1.17-1.59) for UC. The results were attenuated by adjustment, particularly for markers of prodromal disease activity to 1.32 (1.05-1.66) and 1.25 (1.06-1.48), respectively. Raised ESR in adolescence was associated with increased risks for subsequent CD (5.95 (4.47-7.92)) and UC (1.92 (1.46-2.52)).Conclusions: The inverse association of physical fitness with IBD risk is consistent with a protective role for exercise. However, evidence of disease activity before diagnosis was already present in adolescence, suggesting that some or all of the association between fitness and IBD may be due to prodromal disease activity reducing exercise capacity and therefore fitness.
|
|
| 5. |
- Melinder, Carren, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Resilience to stress and risk of gastrointestinal infections
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 28:2, s. 364-369
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exposure to psychological stress can elicit a physiological response that may influence characteristics of the gastrointestinal mucosa, including increased intestinal permeability, in turn possibly increasing susceptibility to gastrointestinal infections. We investigated whether low stress resilience in adolescence is associated with an 'increased' risk of gastrointestinal infections in subsequent adulthood.Methods: Data were provided by Swedish registers for a cohort of 237 577 men who underwent military conscription assessment in late adolescence (1969-76). As part of the assessment procedure, certified psychologists evaluated stress resilience through semi-structured interviews. The cohort was followed from conscription assessment until 31 December 2009 (up to age 57 years). Cox regression assessed the association of stress resilience with gastrointestinal infections (n = 5532), with adjustment for family background measures in childhood and characteristics in adolescence. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in adulthood was modelled as a time-dependent covariate.Results: Compared with high stress resilience, lower stress resilience was associated with a 'reduced' risk of gastrointestinal infections after adjustment for family background in childhood, characteristics in adolescence and PUD in adulthood, with hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of 0.88 (0.81-0.97) and 0.83 (0.77-0.88) for low and moderate stress resilience, respectively.Conclusion: Lower stress resilience in adolescence is associated with reduced risk of gastrointestinal infections in adulthood, rather than the hypothesized increased risk.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Melinder, Carren, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Stress resilience and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease : a cohort study of men living in Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine if low psychosocial stress resilience in adolescence (increasing chronic stress arousal throughout life) is associated with an increased inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk in adulthood. Subclinical Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) can exist over many years and we hypothesise that psychosocial stress may result in conversion to symptomatic disease through its proinflammatory or barrier function effects.DESIGN: National register-based cohort study of men followed from late adolescence to middle age.SETTING: A general population cohort of men in Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: Swedish population-based registers provided information on all men born between 1952 and 1956 who underwent mandatory Swedish military conscription assessment (n=239 591). Men with any gastrointestinal diagnoses (except appendicitis) prior to follow-up were excluded.PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: An inpatient or outpatient diagnosis of CD or UC recorded in the Swedish Patient Register (1970-2009).RESULTS: A total of 938 men received a diagnosis of CD and 1799 UC. Lower stress resilience in adolescence was associated with increased IBD risk, with unadjusted HRs (95% CIs) of 1.54 (1.26 to 1.88) and 1.24 (1.08 to 1.42), for CD and UC, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, including markers of subclinical disease activity in adolescence, they are 1.39 (1.13 to 1.71) and 1.19 (1.03 to 1.37).CONCLUSIONS: Lower stress resilience may increase the risk of diagnosis of IBD in adulthood, possibly through an influence on inflammation or barrier function.
|
|
| 8. |
- Melinder, Carren, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Stress resilience in adolescence and subsequent inflammatory bowel disease risk in adulthood
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 61, s. 27-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: Psychosocial stress may increase the risk of systemic inflammation. As subclinical inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) – Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) – can exist over many years, stress may result in conversion to symptomatic disease through its inflammatory influence. Low stress resilience may result in a greater risk of chronic stress arousal due to the normal stresses of everyday life. We investigated the association of stress resilience in adolescence with subsequent risk of IBD, independent of other risks.Design: Swedish registers provided information on 242,999 men who underwent military conscription assessments in late adolescence (1969 – 1976) with follow-up until 2009 (up to age 57 years). Stress resilience was evaluated through semi-structured interviews. Cox regression assessed the association of stress resilience with CD (n = 1,082) and UC (1,922) in separate models. The models included adjustment for socioeconomic characteristics in childhood and height, BMI and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (indicating inflammation) as indicators of subclinical disease activity in adolescence.Results: Low stress resilience in adolescence was associated with increased risk of IBD after adjustment for potential confounding factors, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.50 (1.24-1.81) and 1.21 (1.06-1.39), for CD and UC respectively. The associations attenuated somewhat by further adjustment for markers of subclinical disease to 1.38 (1.14-1.67) and 1.19 (1.04-1.36).Conclusions: low stress resilience is associated with an elevated subsequent IBD risk. Stress may increase the risk of symptomatic IBD, although there is also evidence of a potentially modest effect of subclinical disease activity on stress resilience.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sato, Yuki, et al.
(författare)
-
Asthma and atopic diseases in adolescence and antidepressant medication in middle age
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Health Psychology. - London, United Kingdom : Sage Publications. - 1359-1053 .- 1461-7277. ; 23:6, s. 853-859
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Swedish register-based cohort study examined whether asthma, hay fever and allergic dermatitis in late adolescence identified in the early 1970s are associated with antidepressant medication in middle age, between 2006 and 2009. After adjustment for childhood and adulthood sociodemographic characteristics, psychological, cognitive and physical function, and comorbidity, the magnitude of the associations diminished for asthma, while hay fever and atopic dermatitis retained associations. Hay fever and atopic dermatitis in adolescence have potentially important implications for future mental health, while asthma may already have influenced an individual's ability to cope with stress by late adolescence.
|
|
