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- Pantazis, N, et al.
(författare)
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Determining the likely place of HIV acquisition for migrants in Europe combining subject-specific information and biomarkers data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Statistical methods in medical research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0334 .- 0962-2802. ; 28:7, s. 1979-1997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most HIV-positive individuals, infection time is only known to lie between the time an individual started being at risk for HIV and diagnosis time. However, a more accurate estimate of infection time is very important in certain cases. For example, one of the objectives of the Advancing Migrant Access to Health Services in Europe (aMASE) study was to determine if HIV-positive migrants, diagnosed in Europe, were infected pre- or post-migration. We propose a method to derive subject-specific estimates of unknown infection times using information from HIV biomarkers’ measurements, demographic, clinical, and behavioral data. We assume that CD4 cell count (CD4) and HIV-RNA viral load trends after HIV infection follow a bivariate linear mixed model. Using post-diagnosis CD4 and viral load measurements and applying the Bayes’ rule, we derived the posterior distribution of the HIV infection time, whereas the prior distribution was informed by AIDS status at diagnosis and behavioral data. Parameters of the CD4–viral load and time-to-AIDS models were estimated using data from a large study of individuals with known HIV infection times (CASCADE). Simulations showed substantial predictive ability (e.g. 84% of the infections were correctly classified as pre- or post-migration). Application to the aMASE study ( n = 2009) showed that 47% of African migrants and 67% to 72% of migrants from other regions were most likely infected post-migration. Applying a Bayesian method based on bivariate modeling of CD4 and viral load, and subject-specific information, we found that the majority of HIV-positive migrants in aMASE were most likely infected after their migration to Europe.
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- Bernal, Ximena E., et al.
(författare)
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Empowering Latina scientists
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Bebianno, M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of microplastics alone and with adsorbed benzo(a)pyrene on the gills proteome of Scrobicularia plana
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microplastics (MPs) are globally present in the marine environment, but the biological effects on marine organisms at the molecular and cellular levels remain scarce. Due to their lipophilic nature, MPs can adsorb other contaminants present in the marine environment, which may increase their detrimental effects once ingested by organisms. This study investigates the effects of low-density polyethylene (PE) MPs with and without adsorbed benzo[a]pyrene in the gills proteome of the peppery furrow shell clam, Scrobicularia plana. Clams were exposed to PE MPs (11-13 μm; 1 mg L-1) for 14 days. BaP was analyzed in whole clams' soft tissues, and a proteomic approach was applied in the gills using SWATH/DIA analysis. Proteomic responses suggest that virgin MPs cause disturbance by altering cytoskeleton and cell structure, energy metabolism, conformational changes, oxidative stress fatty acid, DNA binding and, neurotransmission highlighting the potential risk of this type of MPs for the clam health. Conversely, when clam gills were exposed to MPs adsorbed with BaP a higher differentiation of protein expression was observed that besides changes in cytoskeleton and cell structure, oxidative stress, energy metabolism and DNA binding also induce changes in glucose metabolism, RNA binding and apoptosis. These results indicate that the presence of both stressors (MPs and BaP) have a higher toxicological risk to the health of S. plana.
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