| 1. |
- Bongi, M, et al.
(författare)
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PAMELA : A satellite experiment for antiparticles measurement in cosmic rays
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 51:3, s. 854-859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PAMELA is a satellite-borne experiment that will study the antiproton and positron fluxes in cosmic rays in a wide range of energy (from 80 MeV up to 190 GeV for antiprotons and from 50 MeV up to 270 GeV for positrons) and with high statistics, and that will measure the antihelium/helium ratio with a sensitivity of the order of 10(-8). The detector will fly on-board a polar orbiting Resurs DK1 satellite, which will be launched into space by a Soyuz rocket in 2004 from Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, for a 3-year-long mission. Particle identification and energy measurements are performed in the PAMELA apparatus using the following subdetectors: a magnetic spectrometer made up of a permanent magnet equipped with double-sided microstrip silicon detectors, an electromagnetic imaging calorimeter composed of layers of tungsten absorber and silicon detectors planes, a transition radiation detector made of straw tubes interleaved with carbon fiber radiators, a plastic scintillator time-of-flight and trigger system, a set of anticounter plastic scintillator detectors, and a neutron detector. The features of the detectors and the main results obtained in beam test sessions are presented.
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| 2. |
- Stozhkov, Y. I., et al.
(författare)
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About Separation of Hadron and Electromagnetic Cascades in the Pamela Calorimeter
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics A. - 0217-751X .- 1793-656X. ; 20:29, s. 6745-6748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results of calibration of the PAMELA instrument at the CERN facilities are discussed. In September, 2003, the calibration of the Neutron Detector together with the Calorimeter was performed with the CERN beams of electrons and protons with energies of 20-180 GeV. The implementation of the Neutron Detector increases a rejection factor of hadrons from electrons about ten times. The results of calibration are in agreement with calculations.
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| 3. |
- Piarulli, A, et al.
(författare)
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Ultra-slow mechanical stimulation of olfactory epithelium modulates consciousness by slowing cerebral rhythms in humans
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1, s. 6581-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coupling between respiration and neural activity within olfactory areas and hippocampus has recently been unambiguously demonstrated, its neurophysiological basis sustained by the well-assessed mechanical sensitivity of the olfactory epithelium. We herein hypothesize that this coupling reverberates to the whole brain, possibly modulating the subject’s behavior and state of consciousness. The olfactory epithelium of 12 healthy subjects was stimulated with periodical odorless air-delivery (frequency 0.05 Hz, 8 s on, 12 off). Cortical electrical activity (High Density-EEG) and perceived state of consciousness have been studied. The stimulation induced i) an enhancement of delta-theta EEG activity over the whole cortex mainly involving the Limbic System and Default Mode Network structures, ii) a reversal of the overall information flow directionality from wake-like postero-anterior to NREM sleep-like antero-posterior, iii) the perception of having experienced an Altered State of Consciousness. These findings could shed further light via a neurophenomenological approach on the links between respiration, cerebral activity and subjective experience, suggesting a plausible neurophysiological basis for interpreting altered states of consciousness induced by respiration-based meditative practices.
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| 4. |
- Orsi, S., et al.
(författare)
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A second level trigger for the PAMELA satellite experiment
- 2006
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 25:1, s. 33-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PAMELA space experiment will be launched on-board of a Russian Resurs DK1 satellite towards the end of 2005. The main scientific goal is the study of the antimatter component of the cosmic radiation. Three years of data taking will provide unprecedented statistics for antiprotons (80 MeV-190 GeV) and positrons (50 MeV-270 GeV) and will set the upper limit for the ratio He/He below 10(-8). PAMELA is built around a permanent magnet silicon spectrometer, surrounded by a plastic scintillator anticoincidence shield. An electromagnetic calorimeter is used for particle identification and energy measurements. If PAMELA data exceed the storage allowance on the satellite or the daily downlink quota (20 GB), a second level trigger may be activated by uplink from ground. Information from the anticoincidence system and from the calorimeter will be included in the second level trigger condition, providing a selective reduction of data. The second level trigger condition provides a reduction of data of similar to 60%, with a maximum systematic uncertainty in the proton (electron) spectra of 10% (3%). This uncertainty will be assessed during flight measuring one event every 10 without the second level trigger condition.
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