| 1. |
- Griss, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Spiked biopotential electrodes
- 2000
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Ingår i: IEEE International Workshop on Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS2000), Miyazaki, Japan, Jan. 23-27. ; , s. 323-328
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Heinonen, Erkki, et al.
(författare)
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Pulsed delivery of nitric oxide counteracts hypoxaemia in the anaesthetized horse
- 2001
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Ingår i: Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1467-2987 .- 1467-2995. ; 28:1, s. 3-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To study the effect of the pulsed delivery of nitric oxide (NO) on pulmonary gas exchange in the anaesthetized horses.Design Prospective, controlled randomized.Animals Five healthy Standardbred trotters, three geldings and two mares.Methods The horses were anaesthetized with thiopentone and isoflurane and positioned in dorsal recumbency. Nitric oxide was added as a pulse to the inspired gas during the first half of each inspiration. In three horses the effect of NO on the ventilation–perfusion distribution was also investigated using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. Data were analysed with repeated measures ANOVA.Results During spontaneous breathing, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) increased with NO inhalation, from 14 ± 2 to 29 ± 3 kPa (105 ± 15 to 218 ± 23 mm Hg) (p < 0.001). Arterial oxygen tension also increased, from 17 ± 3 to 31 ± 5 kPa (128 ± 23 to 233 ± 38 mm Hg) (p < 0.05) during intermittent positive pressure ventilation. The increase in PaO2 was mainly due to a reduced right to left vascular shunt, but ventilation and perfusion matching also improved. The beneficial effect of NO inhalation was lost within 5 minutes of its discontinuation.Conclusion Delivery of NO as a pulse during inspiration is an effective method for counteracting impaired gas exchange caused by anaesthesia in horses. Pulsation has to be continuous because of the transience of NO's therapeutic effect.Clinical relevance Horses with impaired pulmonary gas exchange during anaesthesia can be treated with pulsed NO inhalation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Högman, Marieann, et al.
(författare)
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Extended NO analysis in a healthy subgroup of a random sample from a Swedish population
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 29:1, s. 18-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: There is an interest in modelling exhaled nitric oxide (NO). Studies have shown that flow-independent NO parameters i.e. NO of the alveolar region (C(A)NO), airway wall (C(aw)NO), diffusing capacity (D(aw)NO) and flux (J(aw)NO), are altered in several disease states such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, alveolitis and chronic obsmuctive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, values from a healthy population are missing. OBJECTIVES: To calculate NO parameters in a healthy population by collecting NO values at different exhalation flow rates. METHODS: A random sample from the ECRHS II study was investigated. Among the 281 subjects that had performed a bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR)-test, FEV(1.0), IgE and NO-analyses 89 were found to be healthy. RESULTS: There were no differences in F(E)NO(0.05) or NO parameters between men and women. There were weak correlations between height and both F(E)NO(0.05) (r = 0.23, P = 0.03) and C(aw)NO (r = 0.22, P = 0.04). There was also a correlation between age and C(A)NO (r = 0.28, P = 0.007). When controlled for gender, this correlation was more powerful in women (r = 0.51, P = 0.001) but did not remain for male subjects. CONCLUSION: Extended NO analysis is a simple non-invasive tool that gives by far more information than F(E)NO(0.05). Based on our results, we suggest that the values for healthy subjects should be considered to fall between the following ranges: F(E)NO(0.05), 10-30 ppb; C(aw)NO, 50-250 ppb; D(aw)NO, 5-15 ml s(-1); J(aw)NO, 0.8-1.6 nl s(-1); and C(A)NO, 0-4 ppb. Values outside these intervals indicate the need for further investigation to exclude a state of disease.
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| 5. |
- Högman, Marieann, et al.
(författare)
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Extended NO analysis in asthma
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Breath Research. - : IOP Publishing. - 1752-7155 .- 1752-7163. ; 1:2, s. 024001-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of the flow dependence of exhaled NO made it possible to model NO production in the lung. The linear model provides information about the maximal flux of NO from the airways and the alveolar concentrations of NO. Nonlinear models give additional flow-independent parameters such as airway diffusing capacity and airway wall concentrations of NO. When these models are applied to patients with asthma, a clear-cut increase in NO flux is found, and this is caused by an increase in both airway diffusing capacity and airway wall concentrations of NO. There is no difference in alveolar concentrations of NO compared to healthy subjects, except in severe asthma where an increase has been found. Inhaled corticosteroids are able to reduce the airway wall concentrations but not diffusing capacity or alveolar concentrations. Oral prednisone affects the alveolar concentration, suggesting that in severe asthma there is a systemic component. Steroids distributed by any route do not affect the airway diffusing capacity. Therefore, the airway diffusing capacity should be in focus in testing new drugs or in combination treatment for asthma. Exhaled NO analysis is a promising tool in characterizing asthma in both adults and children. However, there is a strong need to agree on the models and to standardize the flow rates to be used for the modelling in order to perform a systematic and robust analysis of NO production in the lung.
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| 6. |
- Högman, Marieann, et al.
(författare)
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Guidance for a personal target value of F(E)NO in allergic asthma : case report and theoretical example
- 2013
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 118:1, s. 59-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In clinically stable asthma the exhaled NO values (FENO) are generally higher than in control subjects. Therefore, reference values are of limited importance in clinical practice. This is demonstrated in this case report, but it is also shown that NO parameters from non-linear modelling do have a clinical value. A subject with asthma was treated with inhaled corticosteroids for 1 week. The non-linear NO model was used to measure the response to treatment. The NO parameters from subjects with atopic rhinitis and asthma were fed into a computer program to generate theoretical FENO50 values, i.e. target values. There was a dramatic decrease in FENO50 due to treatment, from 82 to 34 ppb, but it remained higher than in healthy controls. This is due to the elevated diffusion rate of NO, unchanged by treatment. When the NO parameters are known, a personal best value of FENO50 (fractional concentration of exhaled NO in the gas phase, 50 mL/s) can be calculated, which can be the target value when only FENO50 can be monitored. In conclusion, reference values for NO parameters are shown to be clinically useful. It is essential that every patient receives his/her target value of FENO50, when only a single NO measurement is available. In our opinion, this is the reason why there are few successful studies of trying to target the NO value with inhaled corticosteroids.
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| 7. |
- Högman, Marieann, et al.
(författare)
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Guidance for a personal target value of FeNO in allergic asthma : Case report and theoretical example
- 2013
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 118:1, s. 59-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In clinically stable asthma the exhaled NO values (FENO) are generally higher than in control subjects. Therefore, reference values are of limited importance in clinical practice. This is demonstrated in this case report, but it is also shown that NO parameters from non-linear modelling do have a clinical value. A subject with asthma was treated with inhaled corticosteroids for 1 week. The non-linear NO model was used to measure the response to treatment. The NO parameters from subjects with atopic rhinitis and asthma were fed into a computer program to generate theoretical FENO0.05 values, i.e. target values. There was a dramatic decrease in FENO0.05 due to treatment, from 82 to 34 ppb, but it remained higher than in healthy controls. This is due to the elevated diffusion rate of NO, unchanged by treatment. When the NO parameters are known, a personal best value of FENO0.05 (fractional concentration of exhaled NO in the gas phase, 0.05 L/s) can be calculated, which can be the target value when only FENO0.05 can be monitored. In conclusion, reference values for NO parameters are shown to be clinically useful. It is essential that every patient receives his/her target value of FENO0.05, when only a single NO measurement is available. In our opinion, this is the reason why there are few successful studies of trying to target the NO value with inhaled corticosteroids.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Malinovschi, Andrei, et al.
(författare)
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IgE sensitisation in relation to flow-independent nitric oxide exchange parameters
- 2006
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 7, s. 92-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A positive association between IgE sensitisation and exhaled NO levels has been found in several studies, but there are no reports on the compartment of the lung that is responsible for the increase in exhaled NO levels seen in IgE-sensitised subjects.Methods: The present study comprised 288 adult subjects from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II who were investigated in terms of lung function, IgE sensitisation ( sum of specific IgE), smoking history and presence of rhinitis and asthma. Mean airway tissue concentration of NO (Caw(NO)), airway transfer factor for NO (Daw(NO)), mean alveolar concentration of NO (Calv(NO)) and fractional exhaled concentration of NO at a flow rate of 50 mL s(-1) ( FENO0.05) were determined using the extended NO analysis.Results: IgE-sensitised subjects had higher levels ( geometric mean) of FENO 0.05 (24.9 vs. 17.3 ppb) ( p < 0.001), Daw(NO) ( 10.5 vs. 8 mL s(-1)) ( p = 0.02) and Caw(NO) (124 vs. 107 ppb) ( p < 0.001) and positive correlations were found between the sum of specific IgE and FENO 0.05, Caw(NO) and Daw(NO) levels ( p < 0.001 for all correlations). Sensitisation to cat allergen was the major determinant of exhaled NO when adjusting for type of sensitisation. Rhinitis and asthma were not associated with the increase in exhaled NO variables after adjusting for the degree of IgE sensitisation.Conclusion: The presence of IgE sensitisation and the degree of allergic sensitisation were related to the increase in airway NO transfer factor and the increase in NO concentration in the airway wall. Sensitisation to cat allergen was related to the highest increases in exhaled NO parameters. Our data suggest that exhaled NO is more a specific marker of allergic inflammation than a marker of asthma or rhinitis.
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