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- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(författare)
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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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| 6. |
- Gemmell, Neil J., et al.
(författare)
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The tuatara genome reveals ancient features of amniote evolution
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 584:7821, s. 403-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)—the only living member of the reptilian order Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodontia), once widespread across Gondwana1,2—is an iconic species that is endemic to New Zealand2,3. A key link to the now-extinct stem reptiles (from which dinosaurs, modern reptiles, birds and mammals evolved), the tuatara provides key insights into the ancestral amniotes2,4. Here we analyse the genome of the tuatara, which—at approximately 5 Gb—is among the largest of the vertebrate genomes yet assembled. Our analyses of this genome, along with comparisons with other vertebrate genomes, reinforce the uniqueness of the tuatara. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the tuatara lineage diverged from that of snakes and lizards around 250 million years ago. This lineage also shows moderate rates of molecular evolution, with instances of punctuated evolution. Our genome sequence analysis identifies expansions of proteins, non-protein-coding RNA families and repeat elements, the latter of which show an amalgam of reptilian and mammalian features. The sequencing of the tuatara genome provides a valuable resource for deep comparative analyses of tetrapods, as well as for tuatara biology and conservation. Our study also provides important insights into both the technical challenges and the cultural obligations that are associated with genome sequencing.
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| 9. |
- Karl, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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The Cross-cultural Validity of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Across 16 Countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Mindfulness. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-8527 .- 1868-8535. ; 11, s. 1226-1237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The goal of the current study was to investigate the universality of the five-factor model of mindfulness and the measurement equivalence of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Methods The study used FFMQ data from published and unpublished research conducted in 16 countries (total N = 8541). Using CFA, different models, proposed in the literature, were fitted. To test the cross-cultural equivalence of the best fitting model, a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used. Further, the equivalence of individual facets of the FFMQ and potential sources of non-equivalence was explored. Results The best fitting models in most samples were a five-facet model with a higher-order mindfulness factor and uncorrelated positive and negative item-wording factors and a five-facet model with a correlated facets and uncorrelated positive and negative item-wording factors. These models showed structural equivalence, but did not show metric equivalence (equivalent factor loadings) across cultures. Given this lack of equivalent factor loadings, not even correlations or mean patterns can be compared across cultures. A similar pattern was observed when testing the equivalence of the individual facets; all individual facets failed even tests of metric equivalence. A sample size weighted exploratory factor analysis across cultures indicated that a six-factor solution might provide the best fit across cultures with acting with awareness split into two factors. Finally, both the five- and six-factor solution showed substantially better fit in more individualistic and less tight cultures. Conclusions Overall, the FFMQ has conceptual and measurement problems in a cross-cultural context, raising questions about the validity of the current conceptualization of mindfulness across cultures. The results showed that the fit of the FFMQ was substantially better in individualistic cultures that indicate that further data from non-Western cultures is needed to develop a universal conceptualization and measurement of mindfulness.
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| 10. |
- Kwiatkowski, A., et al.
(författare)
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Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: an additional factor for chronic allograft rejection.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Transplantation Proceedings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-1345. ; 38:1, s. 108-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Chronic rejection (CHR) of organ allografts, one of the most significant problems in modern transplantation, is not fully understood. This study sought to evaluate the influence of selected parameters on late kidney transplant function. Patients and Method The studied group consisted of eighty-six patients who received allogeneic transplants between 1988 and 1999 for leukocyte Chlamydia pneumoniae–DNA, immunoglobulin (Ig)A/IgG anti–C pneumoniae, blood lipids, ischemic damage in the donor and during organ preservation, HLA mismatch, and acute rejection episodes. Results Eighty-six patients were segregated as 26 patients (30%) with histologically proven chronic graft rejection (CHR[+]) and 59 patients (70%) without (CHR[−]). The presence of C pneumoniae–DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes was significantly more frequent in CHR(+) than CHR(−) group (46% vs 20%). Patients with leukocytes positive for C pneumoniae–DNA more frequently (50%) had CHR than patients negative for C pneumoniae–DNA (22%). CHR(+) patients showed significantly lower HDL levels (47 mg/dL vs 58 mg/dL) and higher triglyceride levels (193 mg/dL vs 148 mg/dL). To study the cumulative effect of differences between the CHR(+) and CHR(−) groups, we applied a multiple binary logistic regression analysis. An econometric model enabled us to calculate the probability of CHR for a given patient taking into account covariates chosen by means of stepwise selection: the presence of C pneumoniae–DNA in blood leukocytes, the use of continuous pulsatile perfusion in hypothermia, myocardial infarction occurrence, and triglyceride concentrations. Conclusion The presence of C pneumoniae–DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes increased the risk of CHR, which may be predicted by a multifactor analysis of chosen parameters.
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