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- Enquist, Magnus, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural traits operating in senders are driving forces of cultural evolution
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : Royal society publishing. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 291:2018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a mathematical model of cultural evolution to study cultural traits that shape how individuals exchange information. Current theory focuses on traits that influence the reception of information (receiver traits), such as evaluating whether information represents the majority or stems from a trusted source. Our model shifts the focus from the receiver to the sender of cultural information and emphasizes the role of sender traits, such as communicability or persuasiveness. Here, we show that sender traits are probably a stronger driving force in cultural evolution than receiver traits. While receiver traits evolve to curb cultural transmission, sender traits can amplify it and fuel the self-organization of systems of mutually supporting cultural traits, including traits that cannot be maintained on their own. Such systems can reach arbitrary complexity, potentially explaining uniquely human practical and mental skills, goals, knowledge and creativity, independent of innate factors. Our model incorporates social and individual learning throughout the lifespan, thus connecting cultural evolutionary theory with developmental psychology. This approach provides fresh insights into the trait-individual duality, that is, how cultural transmission of single traits is influenced by individuals, who are each represented as an acquired system of cultural traits.
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- Frommert, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the CMB
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the statistics of the cosmic microwave background using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. We show that, when we correctly de-correlate the data, the partition function of the Kolmogorov stochasticity parameter is compatible with the Kolmogorov distribution and, contrary to previous claims, the CMB data are compatible with Gaussian fluctuations with the correlation function given by standard ΛCDM. We then use the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to derive upper bounds on residual point source power in the CMB, and indicate the promise of this statistics for further datasets, especially Planck, to search for deviations from Gaussianity and for detecting point sources and Galactic foregrounds.
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- Jon-And, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Minimal Prerequisits for Processing Language Structure : A Model Based on Chunking and Sequence Memory
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we address the question of what minimal cognitive features are necessary for learning to process and extract grammatical structure from language. We build a minimalistic computational model containing only the two core features chunking and sequence memory and test its capacity to identify sentence borders and parse sentences in two artificial languages. The model has no prior linguistic knowledge and learns only by reinforcement of the identification of meaningful units. In simulations, the model turns out to be successful at its tasks, indicating that it is a good starting point for an extended model with ability to process and extract grammatical structure from larger corpora of natural language. We conclude that a model with the features chunking and sequence memory, that should in the future be complemented with the ability to establish hierarchical schemas, has the potential of describing the emergence of grammatical categories through language learning.
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- Michaud, Jérôme, 1984-
(författare)
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A Game Theoretic Perspective on the Utterance Selection Model for Language Change
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Evolution of Language.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many mathematical models for language change have recently been proposed and their interpretation is not always straightforward. In this paper, we take a closer look at the Utterance Selection Model with preferences and reinterpret its dynamics in terms of evolutionary game theory. The analysis demonstrates that the preference associated with a variant is formally equivalent to the payoff of using that variant in the associated game. Importantly, this payoff is subjectively perceived by speakers and evolves according to the current local use of the variant. Additionally, the accommodation to others' utterances can be encoded as a mutation term in a Replicator-Mutator equation. This analysis demonstrates how arbitrary variants can acquire fitness through usage, allowing selective processes to take place.
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- Michaud, Jérôme, Dr, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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A spatial analysis of parliamentary elections in Sweden 1985-2018
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Network Science. - : Springer Nature. - 2364-8228. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding where and why political change is happening in a country is a fundamental issue in political geography. While electoral choice is individual, it is influenced by various sociological, cultural, and geographical factors postulated to create 'cultural fields' influencing individual decision-making. Here, we test the cultural field hypothesis on Sweden, an important democracy of Europe long regarded as an example by other European countries, by studying the middle-long-term evolution of the spatial structure of political choice over the last three decades. In testing the cultural field hypothesis, an analysis of spatial correlations is combined with groupings of Swedish municipalities into larger communities reflecting the similarity of their voting profiles. We show that spatial correlations decay logarithmically, which is a sign of long-ranged interactions, and also demonstrate that Sweden can be divided into three or four large and stable politico-cultural communities. More precisely, a transition from three to four main politico-cultural communities is observed. The fourth community, which emerged in the early 2000s is of particular interest as it is characterized by a large vote-share for the Sweden Democrats, while almost all other parties underperform. Moreover, the Swedish electoral landscape seems to be increasingly fragmenting even when the voting profiles of the municipalities over the country are slowly converging.
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