| 1. |
- Mihaylov, Aleksandar, et al.
(författare)
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Approximate analytical HVSR curve using multiple band-pass filters and potential applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0267-7261 .- 1879-341X. ; 127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nakamura method, which utilizes the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) analysis, is widely used for seismic microzonation studies. The HVSR is an easy tool for estimation of site response resonances based on recorded ambient noise; however, it gives amplifications at resonant frequencies that are poorly correlated to the actual amplifications during strong ground motion.Generally, the site response, including any resonant effects, depends on the amplitude, frequency and duration of ground motion. An approach was proposed previously by McGuire [1], in which the transfer function of the soil response was approximated as a Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) oscillator with one resonant frequency, obtained from the maximum in HVSR. A new approach is developed here, in which the entire HVSR curve is approximated by a manageable set of parallel band-pass resonators. Each individual oscillator is defined by three parameters: center frequency, gain, and steepness (Q factor). This approximation allows for the development and use of an analytical model of the HVSR curve.The application of the new approach is demonstrated on data recorded by the stations of the Southern Ontario Seismic Network (SOSN/Polaris), which have well studied characteristics and site response [2,3]. Data collected at each site consists of noise recordings to obtain the HVSR, as well as earthquake records. The analytical HVSR curves for each station are used to remove the site effect component from the recorded seismograms.
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| 2. |
- Dineva, Savka, et al.
(författare)
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Local seismic systems for study of the effect of seismic waves on rock mass and ground support in Swedish underground mines (Zinkgruvan, Garpenberg, Kiruna)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Ground Support in Mining and Underground Construction. - 9789175838045
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three local seismic systems were installed by August 2015 in deep underground mines in Sweden – Zinkgruvan Mine (Lundin Mining AB), Garpenberg Mine (Boliden AB), and Kiirunavaara Mine (LKAB) as part of a project for developing new methods for Evaluating the Rock Support Performance (ERSP, Vinnova). The areas were chosen within the most probable volumes where large rockbursts can be expected. The local systems were installed at mine levels between 730 and 1150 m in different mines. The horizontal extend of each instrumented areas is between 70 and 100 m. The seismic system in each mine is a combination of uni-axial and three-axial 4.5 Hz geophones installed on the surface, in shallow (~0.5 m) and deeper (6-9 m) boreholes in profiles across drifts. These profiles are in close proximity to profiles with extensometers, instrumented bolts, and observation holes. The seismic systems are manufactured and installed by the Institute of Mine Seismology (IMS). The aim of the seismic systems is to record the seismic events that occur in the vicinity of the instrumented areas and provide valuable data about the variability of seismic waveforms around the underground openings and changes when seismic waves approach them. Data is used to study: 1) the attenuation/decrease of the maximum ground velocity (PPV) with the distance, especially at small distances; 2) site effects, including maximum amplitudes, predominant frequency, and duration of the seismic signals, 3) the attenuation/amplification of the seismic waves approaching the underground opening. The final aim is to obtain new information that can be used for improved requirements for the rock support design in rockburst prone areas.The installation of the seismic systems started in May 2015 (Zinkgruvan Mine) and was completed by August 2015. They run mostly in triggered mode with initial automatic arrival time picking and source parameter calculation and subsequent manual processing of seismic event of interest. More than 200,000 seismic events with magnitude from -4.5 to 2.0 were recorded by December 2015. At present only a small portion of all data was processed manually and the procedures for processing of the events were developed on this subset. The first results from the monitoring showed that there are differences in the amplitudes and shape of the seismic signals recorded by the sensors installed in deeper borehole (behind the most blast-damaged zone (6 – 9 m)) and close to the surface (0.5 m) or on the surface of the openings. There are also differences between the waveforms recorded on the walls and the roof along the same profiles or on nearby profiles. Data from the investigated rockbursts showed maximum velocity recorded from a seismic events at close distances with magnitude larger than 0.5 in the order of 10 cm/s with clipping levels 10 – 20 cm/s.
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| 3. |
- Mihaylov, Dimitar, et al.
(författare)
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Separation of high- and low-level ambient noise for HVSR : Application in city conditions for Greater Toronto area
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The Seismological Society of America (BSSA). - : Seismological Society of America (SSA). - 0037-1106 .- 1943-3573. ; 106:5, s. 2177-2184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nakamura method, which involves horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) analysis, is widely used for seismic microzonation studies. The noise from local traffic in city conditions presents a challenge for the application ofHVSR analysis. This article presents a technique developed for separation of the transient noise due to local traffic (high-level noise) and background ambient noise (low-level noise) and the application of theHVSR analysis to both partitions of the noise. This approach is applied to identify the predominant frequencies for almost 200 noise samples from the Greater Toronto area. The results demonstrated that the developed technique is effective and allows estimation of the fundamental resonant frequency in theHVSR in urban environment, even in the presence of intensive nearby traffic. The interpretation of the obtained results showed that, most probably, the lower (fundamental) frequency appears due to multiple reflections from the overburden/bedrock boundary. In some cases, a resonance with higher amplitude is dominant, and it is due to a contrast boundary between soil layers in the overburden
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| 4. |
- Petropoulos, Nikolaos, et al.
(författare)
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A Suggested Method for the Study of Crushed Aggregate Response to Dynamic Compaction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. - : Mete Öner. - 1089-3032. ; 22:02, s. 387-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil improvement by dynamic compaction has been extensively used all around the world in large civil engineering projects. Limited number of laboratory tests has been conducted to study the behavior of soil material under dynamic loading. A suggested method is presented in this paper which includes a new laboratory apparatus and experimental procedure as well as data analysis. The suggested impact machine is a drop hammer type machine, it can host up to 37.5 mm particle size in a coarse-grained aggregate matrix independent of its conditions, i.e. saturated or unsaturated, it is also flexible in terms of weight and size of the drop hammer and the mold. The machine is equipped with accelerometers for continuous monitoring of the sample’s behavior during impact. The experimental procedure shows the steps for conducting consistent dynamic compaction tests. It also describes how the measurements should be conducted. These measured quantities correspond to key parameters such as density, angle of repose and compaction. Finally, a case example demonstrates the function of the machine and the analysis of the recorded data.
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| 5. |
- Petropoulos, Nikolaos, et al.
(författare)
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Design of equipment for dynamic burden measurements
- 2015
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Ingår i: 11th International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting. - Carlton VIC : The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. - 9781925100327 ; , s. 493-500
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The flowability of the caved rock masses in the sublevel caving (SLC) mining method is of greatimportance. During the blasting process of a SLC-ring, the caved rock mass in front of the ring iscompacted. As a result of this compaction, the mechanical properties of the fractured rock masseschange, for example void ratio, angle of internal friction and structure of the compacted material.The changed mechanical properties of caved rock mass and recent blasted material can influencethe mobility of the material, which could result in blockage of the flow path of the material.The identification of the involved mechanisms in this process can be done after a series of testsin different scales. However, there is no available equipment for dynamic measurements duringblasting, ie velocity and displacement of the burden and in the caved masses. This study focuses onthe development and laboratory evaluation of a measuring system that can be installed in a borehole.The first trial was carried out in a pillar, where two blastholes had been drilled (9.5 m) parallel withthe drift and two measuring holes (16.5 m) were perpendicular to the drift. Two measuring systemswere installed in the measuring holes. Some preliminary tests were carried out to find suitableinitiation procedures for the emulsion explosive. Applicability and robustness of the developedmeasuring system were also evaluated. In addition to these tests, an expandable cement mixture wasdeveloped to firmly anchor the measuring systems in the boreholes. The measuring system consistsof an anchor, armoured cable in a pulling tube and a protective case. The anchor is equipped withuniaxial and triaxial accelerometers. A potentiometric measuring system for displacement up to 2 mis installed at the end of the pulling tube and connected to an extendable spiral cable. All sensorsare connected to a data acquisition system (DAS). Both measuring systems have their own DAS toacquire data in case of failure of one of the systems. The measuring system was tested in laboratoryconditions with impact velocity up to 10 m/s. It was proven to be functional and gave reliable results.
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