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Sökning: WFRF:(Mijs Jonathan)

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1.
  • Breznau, Nate, et al. (författare)
  • Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:44
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study explores how researchers analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each teams workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings.
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2.
  • Mutgan, Selcan, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Income Inequality and Residential Segregation in “Egalitarian” Sweden: Lessons from a Least Likely Case
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Sociological Science. - : Society for Sociological Science. - 2330-6696. ; 10, s. 348-373
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Drawing on individual-level full-population data from Sweden, spanning four decades,we investigate the joint growth of income inequality and income segregation. We study Sweden asa “least likely” case comparison with the United States, given Sweden’s historically low levels ofinequality and its comprehensive welfare state. Against the background of U.S.-based scholarshipdocumenting a close link between inequality and segregation, our study provides an importantinsight into the universality of this relationship. Using entropy-based segregation measures, weanalyze trends and patterns of income segregation between and within income groups along differentsociodemographic dimensions—migration background and family type. Our findings reveal thatgrowing income inequality in the last 30 years has been accompanied by a sharp uptake in incomesegregation, especially for the bottom quartile of the income distribution who are facing increasingisolation. Income segregation is most extensive for individuals with children in the household, amongwhom it has increased at a higher rate than those without children. Interestingly, income segregationis lower among non-Western minorities than among majority-group Swedes. We conclude thatchanges to the welfare state, liberalization of the housing market, and rapid demographic changeshave led Sweden onto a path that is difficult to distinguish from that taken by the United States
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