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| 2. |
- Almén, Josefina, et al.
(författare)
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Repair in the Circular Economy: Towards a National Swedish Strategy
- 2021
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Ingår i: 20th European Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption and Production. - 9783851258424 ; , s. 21-41
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extending the lifetime of products is seen as a key objective for realising the vision of a Circular Economy. One way to increase the lifespan of products is to enable more repair activities. However, consumers encounter a variety of barriers for repairs, prompting public authorities in Europe and the US to adopt or propose policies in support of consumer repairs. Sweden has recently adopted a circular economy action plan, where increasing the number of consumer repairs is a stated objective. However, Sweden has so far only adopted a few repair policies, most notably through the tax reliefs for the repair sector that were implemented in 2017. The aim of this contribution is to research how Sweden could develop a more comprehensive policy mix for promoting consumer repairs, also by taking into consideration initiatives from other countries and regions. The research is based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews with policymakers and other relevant actors in Sweden, Europe and the US. The study shows that a lot of interesting initiatives aiming at increasing repairs are currently being proposed. The new requirements related to repairs, developed within the European Union’s (EU) Ecodesign Directive, have been positively received but the process is cumbersome and it will take time before their full effect becomes evident. Initiatives, such as the French repairability index and the French repair fund will create incentives for the producers to design more repairable products and make it easier for consumers to repair. On the same track, the Repair Network of Vienna with its repair vouchers makes repairs cheaper and more trustworthy. Also, the US policy proposals on right-to-repair laws would help to create an open market for repairs for a lot of products. Sweden has the possibility to gain knowledge through the implementation of similar policies, and by considering new policies suggested in literature and by the interviewees. Thus there is potential for Sweden to be a front-runner in creating a more resource efficient society through increased repair activity. Concluding, some preliminary proposals for a future policy mix are presented.
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| 3. |
- Bauer, Bjørn, et al.
(författare)
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Circular plastics in electrical and electronic equipment
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report explores what the Nordic countries can do to promote the use of recyclable plastic components in electrical and electronic products, with particular focus on minimising their hazardous chemical component. The report provides an overview of the hazardous additives currently used in the plastic components of EEE, drawing on information available from legislation and supporting studies, research and academia, NGOs and market actors. The results presented here build upon input collected though a literature study, a policy analysis of EU and Nordic legislation and initiatives, interviews with experts across the value chain and an expert workshop. Together these inputs were used to assess and qualify possible future actions in the Nordic countries to minimise hazardous chemicals in plastic components of EEE.
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| 4. |
- Bauer, Bjørn, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring waste prevention and reuse: digital opportunities : Using the digitalisation of society to inform policy
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The data generated in our digital society can be harnessed to generate policy-relevant indicators on waste prevention and reuse, and be used to fill in the gaps left by official data and statistics. This project elaborates where the greatest potentials lie for improving the monitoring of waste prevention and reuse, and presents a roadmap for improving the monitoring of waste prevention in the Nordic countries. This is based mapiping the EU reporting demands for waste prevention and reuse and the methods currently employed in the Nordic countries to measure waste prevention and reuse, as well as an investigation of the methods used in other European countries together with a suite of case studies of novel methods for measuring waste prevention and reuse.
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| 5. |
- Crafoord, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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The use of public procurement to incentivize longer lifetime and remanufacturing of computers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 73, s. 137-141
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving the product lifetime of consumer electronics can provide significant environmental benefits. However, there is a tendency among both professional users and consumers to change products, like computers and mobile phones regularly, and as a result their lifetimes become increasingly shorter. With the rise of the Circular Economy, new policies to promote longer product lifetimes have emerged in Europe. These include the regulation of minimum product lifetime through the Ecodesign Directive, the extension of consumer warranties, and the French criminalization of planned obsolescence. Public procurement is an instrument with a significant potential to incentivize longer lifetimes. This study examines the potential for extending the lifetime of computers through public procurement in a Swedish context. The methods employed are literature reviews and interviews with procurers in municipalities, computer remanufacturers, suppliers of computers, and national authorities. There is increasing interest in promoting longer lifetimes through procurement among procuring organizations. Some Swedish municipalities are already procuring remanufactured computers, mainly for economic reasons, and they generally have positive experiences. However, remanufactured computers may not work for all kinds of functions, which highlight the importance of identifying needs of different users. Some municipalities do not plan to purchase remanufactured computers, outlining several barriers. The public sector can also support Circular Economy objectives through supporting recycled materials in new computers. In addition to procurement practices, the public sector can support remanufacturing through selling used computers to remanufacturers.
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| 6. |
- Dalhammar, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Avveckla köp- och slängsamhället. Fem politiska styrmedel för ökad livslängd hos konsumentprodukter
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avveckla slit-och-slängsamhället. Fem politiska styrmedel för ökad livslängd hos konsumentprodukter Huvuddelen av all miljöpåverkan kan kopplas till konsumtionen och i takt med att reallönerna ökar så ökar också vår konsumtion – fler semesterresor, fler klädinköp, snabbare utbyte av produkter mot nyare versioner och så vidare. Denna utveckling hotar planetens tillstånd. I arbetet med FN:s hållbarhetsmål ligger de nordiska länderna högt i den allmänna rankingen, men när det gäller delmål 12 om hållbar konsumtion och produktion så står de nordiska länderna ut då de har hög resursförbrukning och avfallsgenerering per capita. Alltmer av miljöpåverkan från denna konsumtion uppstår i andra länder där importerade varor tillverkas, vilket innebär utmaningar för det svenska generationsmålet som understryker att miljöproblemen i Sverige ska lösas utan att öka miljöpåverkan utanför Sverige. I rapporten kartläggs och diskuteras styrmedel som staten och andra offentliga aktörer skulle kunna införa för att stimulera en mer hållbar konsumtion. Fokus ligger på styrmedel som skulle kunna bidra till en ökad livslängd för den typ av konsumentprodukter som kallas sällanköpsvaror som t.ex. möbler, vitvaror, textilier, sport- & fritidsutrustning samt hemelektronik. Fem potentiella styrmedel har identifierats och beskrivits avseende bland annat praktisk utformning, potentiell miljönytta, kostnader, legala aspekter och eventuella målkonflikter. Utifrån rådande kunskapsläge har rekommendationer formulerats om vad offentliga aktörer skulle kunna göra för att öka takten i omställningen till en mer hållbar konsumtion. De idéer på styrmedel som presenteras och diskuteras i denna rapport är följande: · Reparationscheckar och reparationsfonder · Information om livslängd och reparerbarhet · Minimikrav på reparerbarhet · Förbud mot kassering av oanvända produkter · Förbud mot planerat åldrande Kartläggningen och analysen visar att det finns ett forskningsbehov om styrmedel för en mer hållbar konsumtion av sällanköpsvaror. Men, det bedöms finnas ett tillräckligt vetenskapligt underlag för att omgående utreda och införa styrmedel för att öka livslängden hos sällanköpsvaror och därigenom minska konsumtionens miljö- och klimatpåverkan. Utmaningen är stor men det finns goda möjligheter att genom föreslagna styrmedel påverka utvecklingen i rätt riktning. Förhoppningen är att bidra med kunskap som kan stimulera till ökat engagemang för hållbar konsumtion bland politiker, opinionsbildare m.fl. Rapporten kommer också att tas tillvara i fördjupade analyser inom olika myndigheter (inom ramen för det så kallade Miljömålsrådet) och i fortsatt forskning.
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| 7. |
- Dalhammar, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Ecodesign and the Circular Economy: Conflicting Policies in Europe
- 2020. - 1
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Ingår i: EcoDesign and Sustainability : Products, Services, and Business Models - Products, Services, and Business Models. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 9789811567797 - 9789811567780 ; 1, s. 187-198
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of policies that address the various life cycle environmental impacts of products are increasing, especially in Europe. With the rise of the Circular Economy (CE) concept, the traditional product policies have been supported by new ones that pursue new policy objectives such as increasing product lifetimes and encourage more repairs. In this contribution we discuss principles for improving synergies and reduce conflicts among different product policies. We then outline some of the recent conflicts between policies that have emerged in the context of the CE. We conclude that often the conflicts can be mitigated, or that it is possible to reach a compromise. However, we need to accept that in many cases there is no solution that will satisfy all involved stakeholders.
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| 8. |
- Dalhammar, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling Reuse in Extended Producer Responsibility Schemes for White Goods : Legal and Organisational Conditions for Connecting Resource Flows and Actors
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circular Economy and Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2730-5988 .- 2730-597X. ; 1:2, s. 671-695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes have proliferated across Europe and other parts of the world in recent years and have contributed to increasing material and energy recovery from waste streams. Currently, EPR schemes do not provide sufficient incentives for moving towards the higher levels of the waste hierarchy, e.g. by reducing the amounts of waste through incentivising the design of products with longer lifespans and by enhancing reuse activities through easier collection and repair of end-of-life products. Nevertheless, several municipalities and regional actors around Europe are increasingly promoting reuse activities through a variety of initiatives. Furthermore, even in the absence of legal drivers, many producer responsibility organisations (PROs), who execute their members’ responsibilities in EPR schemes, are considering promoting reuse and have initiated a number of pilot projects. A product group that has been identified as having high commercial potential for reuse is white goods, but the development of large-scale reuse of white goods seems unlikely unless a series of legal and organisational barriers are effectively addressed. Through an empirical investigation with relevant stakeholders, based on interviews, and the analysis of two case studies of PROs that developed criteria for allowing reusers to access their end-of-life white goods, this contribution presents insights on drivers and barriers for the repair and reuse of white goods in EPR schemes and discusses potential interventions that could facilitate the upscale of reuse activities. Concluding, although the reuse potential for white goods is high, the analysis highlights the currently insufficient policy landscape for incentivising reuse and the need for additional interventions to make reuse feasible as a mainstream enterprise.
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