| 1. |
- Arndt, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 99:8, s. S1-S310
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Huth, Cornelia, et al.
(författare)
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IL6 gene promoter polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes - Joint analysis of individual participants' data from 21 studies
- 2006
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Ingår i: DIABETES. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 55:10, s. 2915-2921
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several lines of evidence indicate a causal role of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 in the development of type 2 diabetes in humans. Two common polymorphisms in the promoter of the IL-6 encoding gene IL6, −174G>C (rs1800795) and −573G>C (rs1800796), have been investigated for association with type 2 diabetes in numerous studies but with results that have been largely equivocal. To clarify the relationship between the two IL6 variants and type 2 diabetes, we analyzed individual data on >20,000 participants from 21 published and unpublished studies. Collected data represent eight different countries, making this the largest association analysis for type 2 diabetes reported to date. The GC and CC genotypes of IL6 −174G>C were associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 0.91, P = 0.037), corresponding to a risk modification of nearly 9%. No evidence for association was found between IL6 −573G>C and type 2 diabetes. The observed association of the IL6 −174 C-allele with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes provides further evidence for the hypothesis that immune mediators are causally related to type 2 diabetes; however, because the association is borderline significant, additional data are still needed to confirm this finding.
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| 6. |
- Ades, M., et al.
(författare)
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Global Climate : in State of the climate in 2019
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 101:8, s. S17-S127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Ades, M., et al.
(författare)
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GLOBAL CLIMATE
- 2020
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Ingår i: BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 101:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Baiao, Guilherme Costa, et al.
(författare)
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Differential gene expression in semispecies and hybrids of Drosophila paulistorum
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gene expression divergence is correlated with and can be either a cause or a consequence of species divergence. Studying gene expression differences between closely related species, and their hybrid offspring, can thus give us clues about genes and mechanisms associated with reproductive isolation (RI) between them and allow us to better understand early stages of speciation. In this study, we use RNA-Seq to investigate gene expression divergence between the Amazonian, Centro-American and Orinocan semispecies of Drosophila paulistorum, a species cluster in statu nascendi, and between inter-semispecies hybrids and their parents. We uncover a large number of genes with varying expression between semispecies, with the highest numbers in male abdomens. The differentially expressed genes are associated with a range of biological functions, but especially with broad, regulatory functions, that are governed by transcription, translation, post-translational modifications and induced by signal transduction. We found that the expression pattern of hybrids was much more similar to the maternal line and that very few genes have a different expression than both of their parents. When comparing the differentially expressed genes in semispecies and hybrids to gene affected by Wolbachia in D. paulistorum, we see a small overlap. However, especially in hybrids, some of the overlapping genes appear to be highly relevant. Our study provides insights about expression differences associated with RI in D. paulistorum, and the impact of Wolbachia on the divergence of semispecies and hybrid sterility.
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| 9. |
- Baiao, Guilherme Costa, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple introgressions shape mitochondrial evolutionary history in Drosophila paulistorum and the Drosophila willistoni group
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybridization and the consequent introgression of genomic elements is an important source of genetic diversity for biological lineages. This is particularly evident in young clades in which hybrid incompatibilities are still incomplete and mixing between species is more likely to occur. Drosophila paulistorum, a representative of the Neotropical Drosophila willistoni subgroup, is a classic model of incipient speciation. The species is divided into six semispecies that show varying degrees of pre-and post-mating incompatibility with each other. In the present study, we investigate the mitochondrial evolutionary history of D. paulistorum and the willistoni subgroup. For that, we perform phylogenetic and comparative analyses of the complete mitochondrial genomes and draft nuclear assemblies of 25 Drosophila lines of the willistoni and saltans species groups. Our results show that the mitochondria of D. paulistorum are polyphyletic and form two non-sister clades that we name alpha and beta. Identi-fication and analyses of nuclear mitochondrial insertions further reveal that the willistoni subgroup has an alpha-like mitochondrial ancestor and strongly suggest that both the alpha and beta mitochondria of D. paulistorum were acquired through introgression from unknown fly lineages of the willistoni subgroup. We also uncover multiple mito-chondrial introgressions across D. paulistorum semispecies and generate novel insight into the evolution of the species.
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| 10. |
- Baiao, Guilherme Costa, et al.
(författare)
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Persistence of high-level heteroplasmy through biparental transmission of a selfish mitochondrion in Drosophila paulistorum
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Heteroplasmy, or the coexistence of multiple mitotypes in an individual, has during recent years been shown to be more common in animals than previously anticipated. However, cases of stable, high-titer heteroplasmy are still relatively rare, as are systems with consistent paternal mitochondrial inheritance. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the full mitochondrial genomes of 23 Neotropical Drosophila lines belonging to six species of the willistoni group and three of the saltans group and discovered that 40% the 13 sequenced Drosophila paulistorum lines, are persistently heteroplasmic. We further showed that the mitochondria of D. paulistorum are polyphyletic, forming two clades, a and b, and that mitochondria of the a2 clade are exclusively found in heteroplasmic flies. Genomic analysis indicates that a2 is a functional mitochondrion, with no signs of loss of function mutations. Even so, our results demonstrate that a2 displays unusual features, including lack of titer response to energetic demands, higher titer in males than females, and consistent biparental transmission due to rapid replication during early embryo development. Together these features indicate that a2 might be a selfish mitochondrion that persists due to efficient biparental transmission.Using the assembled genomes, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of mitochondria in the willistoni subgroup and identified signs of multiple mitochondrial losses, gains and introgressions. The data indicated an a-like mitochondrial ancestor in the willistoni subgroup, with the b mitochondrion likely being acquired through introgression from an unidentified donor. We hypothesize that the selfish characteristics of a2 might have emerged as a response to competition for inheritance with the introgressed b
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