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- Challis, B G, et al.
(författare)
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Mice lacking pro-opiomelanocortin are sensitive to high-fat feeding but respond normally to the acute anorectic effects of peptide-YY(3-36).
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 101:13, s. 4695-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inactivating mutations of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in both mice and humans leads to hyperphagia and obesity. To further examine the mechanisms whereby POMC-deficiency leads to disordered energy homeostasis, we have generated mice lacking all POMC-derived peptides. Consistent with a previously reported model, Pomc(-/-) mice were obese and hyperphagic. They also showed reduced resting oxygen consumption associated with lowered serum levels of thyroxine. Hypothalami from Pomc(-/-) mice showed markedly increased expression of melanin-concentrating hormone mRNA in the lateral hypothalamus, but expression of neuropeptide Y mRNA in the arcuate nucleus was not altered. Provision of a 45% fat diet increased energy intake and body weight in both Pomc(-/-) and Pomc(+/-) mice. The effects of leptin on food intake and body weight were blunted in obese Pomc(-/-) mice whereas nonobese Pomc(-/-) mice were sensitive to leptin. Surprisingly, we found that Pomc(-/-) mice maintained their acute anorectic response to peptide-YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)). However, 7 days of PYY(3-36) administration had no effect on cumulative food intake or body weight in wild-type or Pomc(-/-) mice. Thus, POMC peptides seem to be necessary for the normal response of energy balance to high-fat feeding, but not for the acute anorectic effect of PYY(3-36) or full effects of leptin on feeding. The finding that the loss of only one copy of the Pomc gene is sufficient to render mice susceptible to the effects of high fat feeding emphasizes the potential importance of this locus as a site for gene-environment interactions predisposing to obesity.
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| 3. |
- Kuijper, J. C., et al.
(författare)
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PU and MA management in thermal htgrs - impact at fuel, reactor and fuel cycle levels
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2008 Proceedings of the 4th International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology, HTR 2008. - 9780791848548 ; , s. 73-81
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PUMA project, a Specific Targeted Research Project (STREP) of the European Union EURATOM 6th Framework Program, is mainly aimed at providing additional key elements for the utilisation and transmutation of plutonium and minor actinides (neptunium and americium) in contemporary and future (high temperature) gas-cooled reactor design, which are promising tools for improving the sustainability of the nuclear fuel cycle. PUMA would also contribute to the reduction of Pu and MA stockpiles and to the development of safe and sustainable reactors for C02-free energy generation. The project runs from September 1, 2006 until August 31, 2009. PUMA also contributes to technological goals of the Generation IV International Forum. It contributes to developing and maintaining the competence in reactor technology in the EU and addresses European stakeholders on key issues for the future of nuclear energy in the EU. An overview is presented of the status of the project at mid-term.
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- Chaplin-Kramer, R., et al.
(författare)
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Transformation for inclusive conservation : Evidence on values, decisions, and impacts in protected areas
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As countries consider new area-based conservation targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity, protected areas (PAs) and their impacts on people and nature are coming under increasing scrutiny. We review the evidence base on PA impacts, combining the findings from existing rigorous impact evaluations with local case studies developed for this study. We identify characteristics of PA establishment and management that improve the sustainability of biodiversity conservation and justice for local communities. We find that recognizing and respecting local values and knowledge about natural resource stewardship, colearning, and comanagement are key to achieving positive impacts for nature and people. Transforming PA governance toward more inclusive conservation depends upon the ability of PAs to be designed and implemented around the values and needs of local people.
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