| 1. |
- Ekstrand, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity to Environmental Irritants and Capsaicin Cough Reaction in Patients with a Positive Methacholine Provocation Test before and after Treatment with Inhaled Corticosteroids
- 2011
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ASTHMA. - 0277-0903. ; 48:5, s. 482-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence points to a potential role for members of the transient receptor potential family of cation channels on several features of asthmatic disease. The cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin is known to reflect the reactivity of these airway sensory nerves. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study, among patients having a positive methacholine provocation and diagnosed with asthma, capsaicin cough sensitivity, sensitivity to methacholine, and levels of exhaled nitric oxide before and after treatment with inhaled steroids, and further, to measure the self-reported impact from environmental irritants. METHODS: Eighteen steroid-naïve patients with a positive methacholine test underwent capsaicin inhalation provocation on two occasions, before and after regular use of inhaled steroids over at least 3 months. Comparisons were made to 21 healthy controls. Sensitivity to methacholine and levels of exhaled nitric oxide were measured before and after the treatment. The participants also answered a validated questionnaire regarding environmental irritants. RESULTS: The patients displayed higher capsaicin cough sensitivity than the controls before the treatment period, but not afterward. Before treatment, capsaicin cough answer correlated significantly with levels of exhaled nitric oxide, but not with methacholine sensitivity. After treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, the capsaicin cough sensitivity and the inflammatory parameters were normalized. In comparison to the control group, the patients reported more affective reactions to and behavioral disruptions induced by environmental irritants. CONCLUSIONS: In steroid-naïve patients with a positive methacholine test, there is a link between that part of the airway inflammation that is reflected by exhaled nitric oxide and that followed by an augmented reactivity of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves. This association disappears after steroid treatment.
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| 2. |
- Emilsson, Maria, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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The Influence of personality traits and beliefs about medicines on adherence to asthma treatment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Primary Care Respiratory Journal. - : Strategic Medical Pub. - 1471-4418 .- 1475-1534. ; 20:2, s. 141-147
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim:To explore the influence of personality traits and beliefs about medicines on adherence to treatment with asthma medication.Methods:Respondents were 35 asthmatic adults prescribed controller medication. They answered questionnaires about medication adherence, personality traits, and beliefs about medicines.Results:In gender comparisons, the personality traits “Neuroticism” in men and “adherence to medication” were associated with lower adherent behaviour. Associations between personality traits and beliefs in the necessity of medication for controlling the illness were identified. Beliefs about the necessity of medication were positively associated with adherent behaviour in women. In the total sample, a positive “necessity-concern” differential predicted adherent behaviour.Conclusion:The results imply that personality and beliefs about medicines may influence how well adults with asthma adhere to treatment with asthma medication.
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| 3. |
- Lind, Nina, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Coping and social support in asthma and allergy: the Vasterbotten Environmental Health Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Asthma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0277-0903 .- 1532-4303. ; 52:6, s. 622-629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Asthma and allergy are stressful conditions that require coping strategies and social support to reduce stress and enhance health-promoting behavior. However, research is limited regarding coping and social support in asthma and allergy. The aim was to better understand the use of different coping strategies and perceived social support in low and high severity (exacerbation frequency) of asthma and allergy. Methods: Population-based data were used to provide ratings of coping strategies (Study I) and social support (Study II) from 124 and 94 participants, respectively, with asthma and/or allergy, categorized as low or high in severity. Problem-and emotion-focused coping strategies were assessed as well as emotional, instrumental and informative social support from seven sources. Results: Study I showed that avoiding certain environments (problem-based coping) and trying to accept one's situation (emotion-based) were the most commonly used coping strategies. These behaviors did not differ due to severity. Study II showed that more emotional than instrumental and informative support was perceived. The highest rated support sources were the partner, family members and the healthcare system. More social support was reported in low asthma/allergy severity compared to high asthma/allergy severity. Conclusion: The most commonly used coping strategies in the population of persons with these four types of asthma and allergy are avoiding certain environments and trying to accept one's situation. More emotional support than instrumental and informative is perceived to be received, and most of the support is received from one's partner and other family members and least from authorities and patient associations/support groups.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Linus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Attention bias and sensitization in chemical sensitivity.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of psychosomatic research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1360 .- 0022-3999. ; 66:5, s. 407-16:66, s. 407-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether persons with self-reported chemical sensitivity (CS) have an attention bias and enhanced sensitization to chemical exposure. METHODS: Chemosomatosensory, olfactory, and auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 21 CS subjects and 17 controls in attend and ignore conditions. Reaction times (RTs) and magnitude estimations of perceived intensity were collected in the attend condition. ERPs were averaged over attention conditions and during the first/second part of the testing. RESULTS: ERP patterns indicated that CS subjects did not habituate to the same extent as the controls and had difficulties ignoring the chemical exposure. CS subjects had faster overall RT, and the perceived intensities for the chemosomatosensory stimuli did not decrease with time in the CS group, which was the case for the controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicating attention bias and enhanced sensitization in CS suggest alterations in central, cognitive responses to chemical exposure.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Linus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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On the relation between capsaicin sensitivity and responsiveness to CO2: detection sensitivity and event-related brain potentials.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 82:3, s. 285-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Sensory hyperreactivity (SHR) with predominantly airway symptoms is a subgroup of chemical intolerance to various environmental substances with pungent/odorous properties. The hallmark of SHR is sensitivity to capsaicin inhalation, resulting in extensive coughing likely to be mediated by a C-fiber hyperreactivity of the airway sensory neurons. However, it is not clear whether capsaicin sensitivity implies a greater sensitivity to chemosomatosensory substances in general. Therefore, the present study tested the hypothesis of an association between capsaicin cough sensitivity and sensitivity to CO(2) with respect to detection sensitivity and electrophysiological brain response. METHODS: A correlational study was employed to investigate the relation between capsaicin cough sensitivity and detection thresholds and chemosomatosensory event-related potentials (ERPs) for CO(2) presented in the nasal cavity in 35 persons varying in capsaicin cough sensitivity. RESULTS: Number of coughs were found to correlate negatively with CO(2) threshold and tended to correlate negatively also with N1 and P2 latencies of the chemosomatosensory ERP for CO(2). No tendencies of correlations were found between number of coughs and latencies for olfactory and auditory ERPs, recorded for comparison, but, unexpectedly, were found between number of coughs and auditory N1 amplitude. CONCLUSIONS: The results imply that capsaicin cough sensitivity, such as in SHR, is related to higher detection sensitivity, and tends to be related to faster cortical processing of other chemosomatosensory substances, at least of CO(2).
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Linus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and risk factors for chemical sensitivity and sensory hyperreactivity in teenagers
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of hygiene and environmental health. - : Elsevier. - 1438-4639 .- 1618-131X. ; 211:5-6, s. 690-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of chemical sensitivity (CS) and sensory hyperreactivity (SHR) was assessed in a teenage population. Among a random sample of 401 teenagers, 326 (81.3%) answered questionnaires assessing sensitivity to chemicals and noise, anxiety and depression. A subgroup of 85 teenagers conducted a capsaicin inhalation test. The estimated prevalence was 15.6% for general self-reported CS, 3.7% for CS with affective and behavioral consequences, about 1% for SHR. Sensitivity variables were positively intercorrelated. Risk factors for general CS were noise sensitivity (OR: 2.1), probable anxiety (OR: 2.5) and female sex (OR: 2.0). CS problems seem to be present also in teenagers, although less so than in adults. Furthermore, CS seems to be related to other environmental sensitivities.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Maria J E, et al.
(författare)
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The idiopathic environmental intolerance symptom inventory: development, evaluation, and application.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1536-5948 .- 1076-2752. ; 51:7, s. 838-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To develop, evaluate, and apply a questionnaire-based instrument for investigation of specific symptoms in idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI), called the Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance Symptom Inventory (IEISI). METHODS: Participants with IEI to chemicals responded to 82 candidate symptoms and to three subscales of the Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI) at a test (n = 207) and retest (n = 193) occasion. RESULTS: The 27 most commonly reported symptoms were selected and grouped into five symptom categories. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity were found to be satisfying. Cluster analysis identified two subgroups of IEI to chemicals. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide support for the IEISI being a reliable, valid, and fast tool for the study of specific symptom prevalence in IEI and encourage further study of subgroups.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bende, Mats, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of chronic cough in relation to upper and lower airway symptoms; the Skövde population-based study.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Frontiers in physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of chronic cough in relation to upper airway symptoms, in a cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study. Another aim was to relate coughing to other explanatory variables and risk factors. A random sample of 1900 inhabitants from the age of 20, stratified for age and gender, was recruited. Subjects were invited for clinical examinations that included questions about general odor intolerance, respiratory symptoms, and smoking habits, and a smell identification test. In total, 1387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The overall prevalence of self-reported chronic cough was 6.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0-7.6%]. Female gender, age, height, BMI, and smoking were significantly related to cough. Furthermore, nasal blockage, nasal secretion, sneezing, asthma, odor and cold air sensitivity, and aspirin intolerance also related to cough with statistical significance, indicating a close connection between chronic cough and upper airway symptoms. In keeping with other studies, this study demonstrates that chronic cough is a widespread problem in society, and is about twice as common in women than in men.
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