| 1. |
- Engert, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The European Hematology Association Roadmap for European Hematology Research : a consensus document
- 2016
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - Pavia, Italy : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 101:2, s. 115-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Hematology Association (EHA) Roadmap for European Hematology Research highlights major achievements in diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders and identifies the greatest unmet clinical and scientific needs in those areas to enable better funded, more focused European hematology research. Initiated by the EHA, around 300 experts contributed to the consensus document, which will help European policy makers, research funders, research organizations, researchers, and patient groups make better informed decisions on hematology research. It also aims to raise public awareness of the burden of blood disorders on European society, which purely in economic terms is estimated at (sic)23 billion per year, a level of cost that is not matched in current European hematology research funding. In recent decades, hematology research has improved our fundamental understanding of the biology of blood disorders, and has improved diagnostics and treatments, sometimes in revolutionary ways. This progress highlights the potential of focused basic research programs such as this EHA Roadmap. The EHA Roadmap identifies nine 'sections' in hematology: normal hematopoiesis, malignant lymphoid and myeloid diseases, anemias and related diseases, platelet disorders, blood coagulation and hemostatic disorders, transfusion medicine, infections in hematology, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These sections span 60 smaller groups of diseases or disorders. The EHA Roadmap identifies priorities and needs across the field of hematology, including those to develop targeted therapies based on genomic profiling and chemical biology, to eradicate minimal residual malignant disease, and to develop cellular immunotherapies, combination treatments, gene therapies, hematopoietic stem cell treatments, and treatments that are better tolerated by elderly patients.
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| 2. |
- Irwin, Debra E, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic progression of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence symptoms: a systematic review.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 58:4, s. 532-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Overactive bladder (OAB) and urinary incontinence (UI) are worldwide public health problems. Longitudinal epidemiologic studies that assess the natural history of OAB and UI are valuable in making accurate prognoses, determining causes and consequences, and predicting resource utilization. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess whether the severity of OAB and UI symptoms progress dynamically over time, with the secondary aim of assessing factors that may be associated with symptom progression and regression. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic review of English articles published between January 1, 1990, and September 20, 2009, was conducted using PubMed and Embase. Search terms included longitudinal, natural history, overactive bladder, incontinence, progression, remission, and regression. Eligibility was assessed by Dr. Irwin with editorial assistance. Studies were required to be longitudinal and population based; meeting abstracts and conference proceedings were excluded. Results were assessed qualitatively. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Overall, the 7 longitudinal studies of OAB and 14 longitudinal studies of UI reviewed reported an increase in the incidence and remission/regression of both OAB and UI symptoms over time that varied across studies (eg, OAB incidence, 3.7-8.8%; UI incidence, 0.8-19%). The studies provide evidence for a dynamic progression of OAB and UI symptoms (eg, among women with OAB without urge urinary incontinence [UUI], 28% reported OAB with UUI 16 yr later) and also show that although symptom severity progresses dynamically, for many individuals symptoms also persist over long time periods. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the hypothesis that OAB and UI symptom severity progress dynamically and are also sustained over time. However, the variations in symptom definitions and methods used across studies prevent statistical determinations of overall incidence rates. The recognition of OAB and UI as progressive conditions allows for a shift from the current treatment paradigm of symptom control alone to one of symptom management.
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| 3. |
- Jelovsek, J Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting Risk of Pelvic Floor Disorders 12 and 20 Years after Delivery.
- 2018
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Ingår i: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6868 .- 0002-9378. ; 218:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little progress has been made in preventing pelvic floor disorders despite their significant health and economic impact. Identifying women at risk remains a key element in targeting prevention and planning health resource allocation strategies. Although events around the time of childbirth are clinically recognized as important predictors, it is difficult to counsel women and intervene around the time of childbirth due to an inability to accurately convey a patient's risk in the presence of multiple risk factors and the long time lapse, often decades, between obstetric events and the onset of pelvic floor disorders later in life. Prediction models and scoring systems have been used in other areas of medicine to identify patients at risk for chronic diseases. Models have been developed for use before delivery that predict short-term risk of pelvic floor disorders after childbirth but no models predicting long-term risk exist.To use variables known before and during childbirth to develop and validate prognostic models estimating risks of these disorders 12 and 20 years after delivery.Obstetric variables were collected from two cohorts: 1) women who gave birth in the United Kingdom and New Zealand (n=3763) and 2) women from the Swedish Medical Birth Register (n=4991). Pelvic floor disorders were self-reported 12 years after childbirth in the UK/NZ cohort and 20 years after childbirth in the Swedish Register. The cohorts were split so that data during the first half of the cohort's time period were used to fit prediction models and validation was performed from the second half (temporal validation). As there is currently no consensus on how to best define pelvic floor disorders from a patient's perspective, we chose to fit the data for each model using multiple outcome definitions for prolapse, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, 1 or more pelvic floor disorder and 2 or more pelvic floor disorders. Model accuracy was measured: 1) by ranking an individual's risk among all subjects in the cohort (discrimination) using a concordance index and 2) by observing whether the predicted probability was too high or low (calibration) at a range of predicted probabilities using visual plots.Models were able to discriminate between women who developed bothersome symptoms or received treatment, at 12 and 20 years respectively, for: pelvic organ prolapse (concordance indices 0.570, 0.627), urinary incontinence (concordance indices 0.653, 0.689), fecal incontinence (concordance indices 0.618, 0.676), ≥1 pelvic floor disorders (concordance indices 0.639, 0.675) and ≥2 pelvic floor disorders (concordance indices 0.635, 0.619). The discriminatory ability of all models is shown in Table 2. Route of delivery and family history of each pelvic floor disorder were strong predictors in most models. Urinary incontinence before and during the index pregnancy was a strong predictor for developing all pelvic floor disorders in most models 12 years after delivery. The 12 and 20-year bothersome or treatment for prolapse models were accurate when providing predictions for risk from 0% to approximately 15%. The 12-year and 20-year primiparous model began to over-predict when risk rates reached 20%. When predicting bothersome symptoms or treatment for urinary incontinence, the 12-year models were accurate when predictions ranged from approximately 5% to 60% and 20-year primiparous models were accurate between 5% and 80%. For bothersome symptoms or treatment for fecal incontinence, the 12 and 20-year models were accurate between 1% and 15% risk and began to over-predict at rates above 15% and 20%, respectively.Models may provide an opportunity before birth to identify women at low risk of developing pelvic floor disorders and institute prevention strategies such as pelvic floor muscle training, weight control or elective cesarean section for women at higher risk. Models are provided at: http://riskcalc.org/UR_CHOICE/.
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| 4. |
- Kirby, Michael G, et al.
(författare)
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Overactive bladder: Is there a link to the metabolic syndrome in men?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neurourology and urodynamics. - : Wiley. - 1520-6777 .- 0733-2467. ; 29:8, s. 1360-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is becoming increasingly clear that a variety of metabolic, cardiovascular, and endocrine factors contribute to male pelvic health. In particular, a growing body of evidence suggests a relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostatic hyperplasia, overactive bladder, erectile dysfunction, and the metabolic syndrome. This article explores these relationships, focusing on the role of the autonomic nervous system and hyperinsulinemia, together with their implications for urological practice.
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| 5. |
- Mansell, Els, et al.
(författare)
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New insight into the causes, consequences, and correction of hematopoietic stem cell aging
- 2023
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Ingår i: Experimental Hematology. - 0301-472X. ; 125-126, s. 1-5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is characterized by lineage bias, increased clonal expansion, and functional decrease. At the molecular level, aged HSCs typically display metabolic dysregulation, upregulation of inflammatory pathways, and downregulation of DNA repair pathways. Cellular aging of HSCs, driven by cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors, causes a predisposition to anemia, adaptive immune compromise, myelodys, plasia, and malignancy. Most hematologic diseases are strongly associated with age. But what is the biological foundation for decreased fitness with age? And are there therapeutic windows to resolve age-related hematopoietic decline? These questions were the focus of the International Society for Experimental Hematology (ISEH) New Investigator Committee Fall 2022 Webinar. This review touches on the latest insights from two leading laboratories into inflammatory- and niche-driven stem cell aging and includes speculation on strategies to prevent or correct age-related decline in HSC function.
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| 6. |
- Melk, Latifa, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoindentation and fracture toughness of nanostructured zirconia/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 41:2, s. 2453-2461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/3 mol% yttria-doped tetragonal zirconia (3Y-TZP) composites were produced using spark plasma sintering (SPS) with MWCNT content ranging within 0-2 wt%. In the present paper, it was shown that the addition of MWCNTs results in a refinement of the composites microstructure. Moreover, nanoindentation tests were performed in order to monitor the change in elastic modulus and hardness with MWCNT content and it was found that both properties decrease with the addition of MWCNT content. A novel method was used to measure the true fracture toughness of the composites by producing a shallow surface sharp notch machined by ultra-short pulsed laser ablation on the surface of beam specimens. The true fracture toughness obtained on this laser machined single edge V-notch beam (SEVNB) specimens tested in four point bending was compared to the indentation fracture toughness measured using a Vickers indenter. It was found that the indentation fracture toughness increases with increasing MWCNT content, while the true fracture toughness determined with SEVNB was practically independent of the composition. Finally, it was concluded that the increase in the resistance to indentation cracking of the composites with respect to 3Y-TZP matrix cannot be associated to higher true fracture toughness. The results were discussed in terms of transformation toughening, damage induced in front of the notch tip, microstructure of the composites, and fracture toughness of 3Y-TZP.
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| 7. |
- Robinson, Dudley, et al.
(författare)
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Oestrogens and overactive bladder
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neurourology and urodynamics. - : Wiley. - 1520-6777 .- 0733-2467. ; 33:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogens are known to have a major role in the function of the lower urinary tract although the role of exogenous estrogen replacement therapy in the management of women with lower urinary tract dysfunction remains controversial. Whilst for many years systemic and vaginal estrogen therapy was felt to be beneficial in the treatment of lower urinary and genital tract symptoms this evidence has recently been challenged by large epidemiological studies investigating the use of systemic hormone replacement therapy. Consequently the role of estrogen in the management of postmenopausal women with Overactive Bladder (OAB) remains uncertain. In addition the evidence base regarding the use of exogenous estrogen therapy has changed significantly over the last decade and has led to a major changes in current clinical practice. The aim of this article is to review the evidence for the role of estrogen therapy in the management of OAB focusing on current knowledge with regard to both systemic and local estrogen therapy as well as investigating the emerging role of combination therapy with antimuscarinic agents. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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