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- Barwal, Vineet, et al.
(författare)
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Spin gapless semiconducting behavior in inverse Heusler Mn2-xCo1 +/- xAl (0 x 1.75) thin films
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We correlate the structural, electrical, and magnetotransport properties of co-sputtered Mn2-xCo1?xAl full Heusler alloy thin films (0 x 1.75) in terms of Co/Mn concentration variation concerning the spin gapless semiconducting (SGS) behavior. The alloy thin films are found to stabilize in B2 order for near stoichiometric films, i.e. (x = 0 and x = 1), with the gradual change in the ordering and lattice parameter through Mn concentration variation. Magnetization measurements in Mn2-xCo1?xAl thin films reveal the ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic character for x = 1.75, 1.5, 1.25 & 1, and x = 0, 0.5 & 0.75, respectively. The longitudinal resistivity measurement revealed that the films exhibit semiconducting behavior with a change in sign of the temperature coefficient of resistance with temperature. The anomalous Hall conductivity values for the Mn2-xCo1?xAl thin films are extracted from the Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) measurements. The non-saturating positive MR (linear in H) is being reported for the first time in the Mn2CoAl thin films. The value of the AHE coefficient and positive MR together serve as a piece of experimental evidence for the SGS character in the thin film. The SGS behavior becomes predominant at higher Mn concentration. Highly resistive thin films with ferromagnetic (ferrimagnetic) character in Co2MnAl (Mn2CoAl) could be beneficial for semiconductor spintronics, where we need a good resistive element to match up with Silicon base substrate.
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| 4. |
- Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 5. |
- Gupta, Nanhe Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Annealing on Boron Diffusion from Obliquely Sputtered Co60Fe20B20 Thin Films
- 2020
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Ingår i: DAE Solid State Physics Symposium 2019. - : AIP Publishing. - 9780735420250
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report controlled effect of Boron diffusion on annealing of Co60Fe20B20 (CoFeB) thin films grown on SiO2/Si(100) substrates using pulsed dc magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the crystallization of CoFeB is achieved above 100°C via the formation of bcc CoFe with (110) preferred orientation. Saturation magnetization (µOMs) of the as-deposited film is found to be 1000 kA/m, which enhances upon annealing such that a value of µOMs of 1375 kA/m is observed in the sample annealed at 400°C while the coercivity decreases from 12 mT to 2 mT. A lowest value of 0.005±0.002 of the damping constant is evidenced for the sample annealed at 400°C. The tunability of the damping constant via the Boron out-diffusion from CFB achieved by controlling the annealing temperature is certainly important for spintronics device applications.
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| 6. |
- Pandey, Lalit, et al.
(författare)
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Weak antilocalization and electron-electron interactions in topological insulator BixTey films deposited by sputtering on Si(100)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review Materials. - : American Physical Society. - 2475-9953. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Topological insulators (TIs) which exhibit spin-momentum locking constitute an interesting class of quantum materials. In this paper, we present a systematic method to prepare BixTey films having tunable Bi/Te composition by employing a direct current (DC) cosputtering technique. Films of three different Te compositions, namely, the Te-deficient (BiTe), Te-stoichiometric (Bi2Te3), and Te-excessive (BiTe3) phases, have been investigated in detail by performing the measurements of their temperature-dependent resistivity and in-plane and out-of-plane magnetoresistance responses. Clear evidence of the presence of a weak antilocalization effect and electron-electron interaction are observed in all three films having different phases of Bi-Te system. Using the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka and Al'tshuler-Aronov models, the topological characteristics have been evidently distinguished in these three different phases of BixTey. The analysis of the fitting of the experimental magnetotransport data is performed to quantitatively determine the critical model parameters, viz., phase coherence length (l(phi)), surface state penetration depth (lambda), coherency factor (alpha), and dephasing parameter (p) through which Berry phase and dimensionality of transport channels can be estimated. In this paper, we reveal a systematic correlation between the composition of the BixTey films and their topological properties. The parameter kappa, slope of temperature dependence of conductivity correction, is studied at different magnetic fields, which suggested that the Testoichiometric sample shows better features of topological properties than the Te-deficient and Te-excessive samples. These experimental observations are supplemented by first-principles calculations. Additionally, we demonstrate that TIs can be grown by the sputtering technique as is desired for realizing industrial applications.
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| 7. |
- Wärnberg Gerdin, Ludvig, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of emergency department trauma triage performance of clinicians and clinical prediction models : a cohort study in India
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the abilities of clinicians and clinical prediction models to accurately triage emergency department (ED) trauma patients. We compared the decisions made by clinicians with the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), the Glasgow Coma Scale, Age and Systolic Blood Pressure (GAP) score, the Kampala Trauma Score (KTS) and the Gerdin et al model. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Three hospitals in urban India. Participants In total, 7697 adult patients who presented to participating hospitals with a history of trauma were approached for enrolment. The final study sample included 5155 patients. The majority (4023, 78.0%) were male. Main outcome measure The patient outcome was mortality within 30 days of arrival at the participating hospital. A grid search was used to identify model cut-off values. Clinicians and categorised models were evaluated and compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC) and net reclassification improvement in non-survivors (NRI+) and survivors (NRI-) separately. Results The differences in AUROCC between each categorised model and the clinicians were 0.016 (95% CI-0.014 to 0.045) for RTS, 0.019 (95% CI-0.007 to 0.058) for GAP, 0.054 (95% CI 0.033 to 0.077) for KTS and-0.007 (95% CI-0.035 to 0.03) for Gerdin et al. The NRI+ for each model were-0.235 (-0.37 to-0.116), 0.17 (-0.042 to 0.405), 0.55 (0.47 to 0.65) and 0.22 (0.11 to 0.717), respectively. The NRI-were 0.385 (0.348 to 0.4), -0.059 (-0.476 to-0.005),-0.162 (-0.18 to-0.146) and 0.039 (-0.229 to 0.06), respectively. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that there are no substantial differences in discrimination and net reclassification improvement between clinicians and all four clinical prediction models when using 30-day mortality as the outcome of ED trauma triage in adult patients.
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