| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Ahlstedt, Carina, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Do illegitimate tasks matter for registered nurses' work motivation? : A cross-sectional study based on a nationally representative sample of Swedish nurses
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances. - : Elsevier. - 2666-142X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A challenge in Western countries is the growing need for registered nurses (RNs') in hospitals, primary care and home healthcare. Decreasing illegitimate tasks and strengthening RNs' work motivation are some strategies to address this challenge.Objective: Our overall aim was to explore the association between RNs' experiences of illegitimate tasks and work motivation operationalised as four dimensions: work engagement, opportunities to provide high-quality care, employer satisfaction and intention to remain at the workplace. To address this aim, three specific research questions were asked: (1) Is there an association between illegitimate tasks and work motivation? (2) Do the levels of reported illegitimate tasks differ between RNs working in hospitals and those working in primary care or home healthcare settings? (3) Do associations between illegitimate work tasks and work motivation differ with type of workplace?Design: A cross-sectional design.Methods: We used responses from a stratified population of RNs in Sweden, n = 2,333, working either in hospitals, primary care or home healthcare. Calibrating weights were applied in all analyses to ascertain the generalisability of the findings. Illegitimate tasks were measured with the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale. Data were analysed using chi-squared tests and linear or logistic regression analysis. Interaction was measured on the multiplicative scale by adding an interaction term to the fully adjusted models.Results: Overall, approximately 25 % of RNs reported frequently experiencing illegitimate tasks. There were statistically significant associations between higher perceptions of illegitimate tasks and lower ratings in the four dimensions of work motivation: work engagement [beta coefficient [beta] = -0.14, confidence interval [CI] 95 % = -0.18; -0.10], opportunities to provide highquality care [beta = -0.46, CI 95 % = -0.51; -40] and employer satisfaction [beta = -0.60, CI 95 % = -0.67; -0.54]. Experiencing higher levels of illegitimate tasks also related to a decreased intention to remain at the workplace [illegitimate tasks: odds ratio = 0.32, CI 95 % = 0.27; 0.29]. RNs who worked in home healthcare reported higher levels of illegitimate tasks than RNs who worked in hospitals.Conclusions: Reducing the amount of illegitimate tasks may contribute to counteracting the shortage of RNs by increasing work motivation and willingness to remain at the workplace.
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| 4. |
- Etminani, Farzaneh, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Randomised, siteless study to compare systematic atrial fibrillation screening using enrichment by a risk prediction model with standard care in a Swedish population aged ≥ 65 years : CONSIDERING-AF study design
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and confers an increased risk of mortality, stroke, heart failure and cognitive decline. There is growing interest in AF screening; however, the most suitable population and device for AF detection remains to be elucidated. Here, we present the design of the CONSIDERING-AF (deteCtiON and Stroke preventIon by moDEl scRreenING for Atrial Fibrillation) study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: CONSIDERING-AF is a randomised, controlled, siteless, non-blinded diagnostic superiority trial with four parallel groups and a primary endpoint of identifying AF during a 6-month study period set in Region Halland, Sweden. In each group, 740 individuals aged≥65 years will be included. The primary objective is to compare the intervention of AF screening enrichment using a risk prediction model (RPM), followed by 14 days of a continuous ECG patch, with no intervention (standard care). Primary outcome is defined as the incident AF recorded in the Region Halland Information Database after 6 months as compared with standard care. Secondary endpoints include the difference in incident AF between groups enriched or not by the RPM, with and without an invitation to 14 days of continuous ECG recording, and the proportions of oral anticoagulation treatment in the four groups. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has ethical approval from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. Results will be published in peer-reviewed international journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05838781. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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| 5. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a climate tax on food consumption: Examples of tomatoes and beef in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 211, s. 1576-1585
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined appropriate design of efficient climate taxes on consumption of food by constructing a simple theoretical model and exemplifying the results using the examples of tomatoes and beef in Sweden. The theoretical results showed that, for the tax to be efficient, i) existing taxes on greenhouse gases (GHGs) should be considered when calculating the climate impact in order to avoid double taxation, and ii) taxes should be differentiated between GHG (here carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)) because of their differing climate impacts. The calculations of climate taxes on tomatoes and beef in Sweden indicated considerable differences in the tax level depending on whether conditions (i) and (ii) were considered or not. The commonly applied approach in the literature on climate taxes on food, i.e. taxing carbon dioxide equivalents (CO(2)e) using global warming potential over 100 years (GWP(100)) and neglecting existing taxes on GHG emissions, results in a tax that is 1.4-2.8 times higher than the efficient tax for tomatoes and a tax that is between 30% lower and 20% higher than the efficient tax for beef. Despite the relatively low variations in the climate tax on beef, estimated reduction in emissions from beef ranged between 23% and 35% depending on choice of tax. The price increases on food due to a climate tax and associated effects on emissions can thus show large variation depending on the tax calculation method. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hofvander, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Autism Spectrum Disorders in forensic psychiatric investigations-patterns of comorbidity and criminality
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - 1664-0640. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThere are contradictory research findings regarding whether individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are more or less likely to commit crimes. The aims of the current study were to: (1) Describe psychiatric and crime-related characteristics of a large group of offenders with ASD who had undergone a Forensic Psychiatric Investigation (FPI). (2) Identify clinical subgroups among this group of offenders. (3) Investigate associations between the identified clinical subgroups and (a) psychiatric comorbidity (b) types of crimes and (c) criminal responsibility. MethodsThe study cohort consists of all subjects (n = 831) who received an ASD-diagnosis at an FPI between 2002 and 2018 in Sweden. Descriptive and clinical, as well as crime related variables were obtained from the FPIs. Non-parametric (Pearson & chi;(2), Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U-test) inferential statistics were used for analyses of between-group differences and effect sizes were reported. A Latent Class Analysis was used to identify homogeneous subgroups (or classes) from categorical characteristics. ResultsThe cohort consisted of 708 men and 123 women, aged 18 to 74 yrs. Two-thirds (66.7%) of the cohort had at least one other psychiatric diagnosis, the most prevalent was substance use disorder (SUD). A severe mental disorder, equivalent to lack of criminal responsibility, was most often reported among offenders with a comorbid diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder. The most common type of crime was violent crime. Three person-oriented clinical subgroups were identified; (1) ASD with few other diagnoses; (2) ASD and very high levels of SUDs, plus moderate levels of other externalizing disorders and psychotic psychopathology and (3) ASD and moderate to high levels of personality disorders (other than ASPD) and SUDs. ConclusionOur results highlight the importance of all parts of the CJS to be prepared to handle offenders with ASD, often with high levels of additional psychiatric problems. Traditional approaches in treatment or other psychosocial interventions for ASD may need to be adapted to at least three general clinical profiles- one with mainly neurodevelopmental problems, one with a spectrum of externalizing problems and one with complex personality related difficulties.
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| 8. |
- Moberg, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Benchmarking the Swedish Diet Relative to Global and National Environmental Targets-Identification of Indicator Limitations and Data Gaps
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To reduce environmental burdens from the food system, a shift towards environmentally sustainable diets is needed. In this study, the environmental impacts of the Swedish diet were benchmarked relative to global environmental boundaries suggested by the EAT-Lancet Commission. To identify local environmental concerns not captured by the global boundaries, relationships between the global EAT-Lancet variables and the national Swedish Environmental Objectives (SEOs) were analysed and additional indicators for missing aspects were identified. The results showed that the environmental impacts caused by the average Swedish diet exceeded the global boundaries for greenhouse gas emissions, cropland use and application of nutrients by two- to more than four-fold when the boundaries were scaled to per capita level. With regard to biodiversity, the impacts caused by the Swedish diet transgressed the boundary by six-fold. For freshwater use, the diet performed well within the boundary. Comparison of global and local indicators revealed that the EAT-Lancet variables covered many aspects included in the SEOs, but that these global indicators are not always of sufficiently fine resolution to capture local aspects of environmental sustainability, such as eutrophication impacts. To consider aspects and impact categories included in the SEO but not currently covered by the EAT-Lancet variables, such as chemical pollution and acidification, additional indicators and boundaries are needed. This requires better inventory data on e.g., pesticide use and improved traceability for imported foods.
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| 9. |
- Moberg, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Determining the climate impact of food for use in a climate tax-design of a consistent and transparent model
- 2019
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 0948-3349 .- 1614-7502. ; 24:9, s. 1715-1728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The aim of this study was to determine transparent food carbon footprint values for use in a climate tax, using a consistent methodology across the taxed food products and taking into account the need for such a tax to be administratively simple and accepted by affected stakeholders. Methods A method based on Life Cycle Assessment following the ISO 14067 standard was developed for establishing simplified, yet consistent and transparent, datasets on the carbon footprint of food, for use as a base in a climate tax on food. Several sensitivity analyses were carried out to test the effects of inevitable methodological choices on the carbon footprint of different foods. The choices were then discussed in relation to taxation of food. The methodological choices included in the sensitivity analyses were different approaches to system boundaries, how to account for soil carbon changes and how to weigh greenhouse gases (GHGs). Results and discussion The results on the carbon footprint of food calculated with the suggested method are in line with earlier findings in the field, with animal products, especially beef, showing a substantially higher value than most plant-based foods. Regarding choice of system boundaries for using the values in a tax, it is of particular importance to target emissions from biological processes, as these are currently untaxed. This would also be administratively simpler but less acceptable as large emission sources especially for imported products and greenhouse grown vegetables would not be included. Modelling emissions from soil carbon changes using a site-dependent method can be an advantage to obtain results in line with empirical data. Using Global Warming Potential over 100 years to weigh GHGs would be most in line with current climate reporting, which is an advantage for the consistency and acceptability of a tax. Conclusions Ultimately, how taxes are set is a political decision, but food carbon footprint values determined with a consistent and simplified methodology are required in the process. This study presents carbon footprint values established using such method and provides valuable insights into how methodological choices affect the results of climate impact values and the implications for taxation.
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| 10. |
- Moberg, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of ley inclusion in crop rotations on soil carbon stocks in a life cycle perspective
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils has been proposed as an important climate change mitigation strategy. Carbon stocks in soils can be increased by different cropland management options, one of which is greater inclusion of perennial crops in crop rotations. This study compared the climate impact in a life cycle perspective of continuous ley-dominated rotations and continuous cereal rotations at two different sites (loam, clay) in Sweden. Effects of these systems on carbon content in topsoil and subsoil over 35 years were assessed based on data from two ongoing longterm field trials. The continuous cereal rotations led to a decrease in soil organic carbon stocks at both sites, resulting in an increase in overall climate impact of 8-19%. The ley-dominated rotationsincreased soil organic carbon stocks at both sites over time, contributing to a decrease in overall climate impact of 7% (clay) and 18% (loam). The high soil carbon accumulation in the ley rotation at the site with loamy soil, where soil carbon stocks increased in both topsoil and subsoil, waspossibly due to more roots entering the subsoil than at the site with clay soil.
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