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- Axelsson, Jakob H, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual orientation and self-rated health: the role of social capital, offence, threat of violence, and violence.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 41:5, s. 508-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study the association between sexual orientation and self-rated health, including trust, offence, threat of violence, and violence. Design/setting/participants/measurement: The 2008 Public Health Survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study. A total of 28,198 persons aged 18-80 years responded (55%). Logistic regressions analysed the association between sexual orientation and self-rated health. Results: 27.4% of all men and 30.0% of all women rated their health as poor. Poor self-rated health was significantly more prevalent in higher age, among immigrants, people with lower education, low social support, low trust, experience of being offended, experience of threat of violence and violence, and bisexual and other orientation. Homosexual and bisexual men and women had higher age-adjusted odds ratios of having felt offended compared to heterosexual respondents. The odds ratios of low trust, threat of violence (men), and experience of violence (women) were significant for respondents with bisexual orientation but not for respondents with homosexual orientation. In the age-adjusted model, no significant association was observed between homosexual orientation and poor self-rated health among women. All other associations between sexual orientation and health were significant in the age-adjusted model but non-significant in the multiple models. Conclusions: Associations between sexual orientation and health disappear after multiple adjustments including trust and experience of offence, threat of violence, and violence. The study suggests that the group with bisexual orientation seems to be more exposed to low social capital (trust), threat of violence, and violence than the group with homosexual orientation.
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| 6. |
- Fridh, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Subjective health complaints and exposure to peer victimization among disabled and non-disabled adolescents: A population-based study in Sweden.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 46:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate subjective health complaints (SHCs) (psychological and somatic, respectively) among disabled and non-disabled adolescents, focusing on the impact of traditional bullying and cyber harassment, and furthermore to report psychological and somatic SHCs across different types of disability.Data from the public health survey of children and adolescents in Scania, Sweden, 2012 was used. A questionnaire was answered anonymously in school by 9791 students in the 9th grade (response rate 83%), and 7533 of these with valid answers on key questions were included in this study. Associations with daily SHCs were investigated by multi-adjusted logistic regression analyses.Any disability was reported by 24.1% of boys and 22.0% of girls. Disabled students were more exposed to cyber harassment (boys: 20.0%; girls: 28.2%) than non-disabled peers (boys: 11.8%; girls: 18.1%). Exposure to traditional bullying showed the same pattern but with a lower prevalence. Disabled students had around doubled odds of both daily psychological SHCs and daily somatic SHCs in the fully adjusted models. In general, the odds increased with exposure to cyber harassment or traditional bullying and the highest odds were seen among disabled students exposed to both cyber harassment and traditional bullying. Students with ADHD/ADD had the highest odds of daily psychological SHCs as well as exposure to traditional bullying across six disability types.Disabled adolescents report poorer health and are more exposed to both traditional bullying and cyber harassment. This public health issue needs more attention in schools and in society in general.
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| 7. |
- Lindström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A life course perspective on economic stress and tobacco smoking: a population based study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 1360-0443 .- 0965-2140. ; 108:7, s. 1305-1314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To investigate the associations between economic stress in childhood and adulthood, and tobacco smoking, with reference to the accumulation, critical period and social mobility hypotheses from life-course epidemiology. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS/MEASUREMENTS: The 2008 public health survey in Skåne, Sweden is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study based on a random sample which yielded 28,198 participants aged 18-80 (55% participation). Logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between economic stress in childhood and adulthood, and tobacco smoking. FINDINGS: A 17.4% prevalence of men and 19.1% of women reported tobacco smoking. Tobacco smoking was more prevalent among middle-aged men and young women, among those born outside Sweden, with low occupational status, low social support, low trust, economic stress in childhood and adulthood. The accumulation hypothesis was confirmed because combined childhood and adulthood exposures to economic stress were associated (p<0.001) with tobacco smoking in a graded manner. The critical period hypothesis was not supported because the associations between economic stress in childhood as well as adulthood, respectively, and tobacco smoking were significant (p=0.004 and p<0.001) throughout the analyses. The social mobility hypothesis was confirmed because upward social mobility was significantly associated (p<0.001) with lower odds of smoking, while downward social mobility was significantly associated (p<0.001) with higher odds of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Downward social mobility and economic stress in both childhood and adulthood should be considered as risk factors for tobacco smoking over the life course.
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| 8. |
- Lindström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Country of birth, parental background and self-rated health among adolescents: A population-based study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 42:8, s. 743-750
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate differences according to country of birth and parental country of birth, in relation to poor self-rated health (SRH), in Swedish adolescents. Methods: The Scania public health survey among children and adolescents, conducted in 2012, is a cross-sectional study including most pupils in grade 9 (15 years old), including in 32 of 33 municipalities. The participation rate was 83% (9,791 of 11,735). We performed logistic regressions to investigate the association between the students' country of birth, parental country of birth and poor SRH. Results: Boys born outside Europe had an odds ratio (OR) 2.1 (1.6-2.8) of poor SRH in the unadjusted model, which was reduced to 0.7 (0.4-1.3) in the multiple model, as compared to boys born in Sweden with both or one parent born in Sweden. Boys born in Europe had an OR 0.4 (0.2-0.9) of poor SRH, after multiple adjustments. Girls born in Sweden with both parents born abroad, and girls born outside of Europe had significantly lower ORs of poor SRH in the multiple model. In particular, adjustment for socio-demographic and psychosocial factors reduced the ORs of poor SRH among boys, but did so to a lesser extent among girls. Conclusions: Differences in socio-demographic and psychosocial factors explained the higher odds of poor SRH among boys born outside of Europe. Girls born in Sweden with both parents born abroad, and girls born outside Europe, had significantly lower ORs of poor SRH. Our results indicate that there are gender differences in the factors behind poor self-rated health, according to the country-related background of adolescents in Sweden.
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| 9. |
- Lindström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual orientation, social capital and daily tobacco smoking: a population-based study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have suggested poorer health in the homosexual and bisexual groups compared to heterosexuals. Tobacco smoking, which is a health-related behavior associated with psychosocial stress, may be one explanation behind such health differences. Social capital, i.e. the generalized trust in other people and social participation/social networks which decreases the costs of social interaction, has been suggested to affect health through psychosocial pathways and through norms connected with health related behaviours, The aim of this study is to investigate the association between sexual orientation and daily tobacco smoking, taking social capital into account and analyzing the attenuation of the logit after the introduction of social participation, trust and their combination in the models.
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| 10. |
- Modén, Birgit
(författare)
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Epidemiological studies of risk factors for injuries in an adult population
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Injuries are often associated with long-term suffering and lowered functioning, and personal injuries impose a huge burden on medical care and health services in addition to the costs associated with impaired functional ability. Each year in Sweden, falling accidents are experienced by a third of those aged 60 or over and half of those aged 80 or over, while injuries from traffic accidents still account for many of the serious accidents in youths and younger adults. From a public health perspective an increased knowledge about risk factors for injuries is important to decisions influencing the focus of public health prevention strategies. In this thesis, risk factors for various types of injuries were investigated during 2006 and 2007, that is, its associations with sociodemographic variables, previous disease and psychotropic drug use in both men and women. Three of the studies in this thesis were longitudinal in that sense that the levels of the independent variables were measured before the onset of the injury and one study was a case-control study. The studies were register-based and comprised the whole adult population of the county of Scania, Sweden, with various restrictions in age. The results presented in this thesis showed that about one third of the middle-aged population and nearly half of the elderly population had used psychotropic drugs during a period of 1.5 years. Considering their high prevalence, side effects related to the use of psychotropic drugs may be a relevant risk factor for injuries that could be prevented by an increased rational medication use. Psychotropic drug use was also associated with increased odds of injuries from falling and transportation accidents in nearly all age groups in both men and women, even after adjustment for potential confounders. Studying the elderly general population and falling accidents, it was shown that such an effect was the largest immediately after initiating therapy. Psychotropic drug use was also related to increased odds of assault-related injuries and intentional self-injuries during the observation period, with a clear dose-response relationship with diagnosed intentional self-injury. The results further showed that sociodemographic factors generally had weaker associations with unintentional injuries such as falling accidents and transportation accidents, compared to intentional injuries such as assault-related injuries and intentional self-injury. A number of chronic diseases and conditions have in earlier studies been shown to be associated with a higher risk of injuries. In the studies presented in this thesis, psychiatric disease and neurological disease were associated with increased odds of unintentional as well as intentional injuries during the observation period. There were also associations between diseases related to drug- or alcohol abuse and intentional injuries. Such disease-related injuries might be reduced by early identification with correct treatment as well as restrictions with regard to driving. In conclusion, the results presented in this thesis expand the knowledge base on risk factors for injuries in adults. One strength of the results presented is that the data covers the total general population in Scania, which minimises the risk of selection bias. Considering the high prevalence and the often devastating consequences, the field of injury and its risk factors is an important topic for research. An increased awareness of such risk factors might be of help to reduce the number of injuries by affecting the planning of local, regional and national public health intervention programs and strategies.
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