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- Ali, Mustafa, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of caloric and nutrient content of oral fluids on gastric emptying in volunteers : a randomised crossover study
- 2024
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Ingår i: British Journal of Anaesthesia. - : Elsevier. - 0007-0912 .- 1471-6771. ; 132:2, s. 260-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies demonstrated conflicting results regarding the determinants of gastric emptying for fluids. Our aim was to compare gastric emptying times of fluids with different caloric and nutrient content.Methods: Healthy adult volunteers underwent gastric ultrasound assessment for 4 h after consuming beverages with different caloric and nutrient content using a crossover design (oat drink with 3% fat [310 kcal], mango juice [310 kcal], oat drink with 0.5% fat [185 kcal], and blackcurrant juice [175 kcal]). Gastric emptying time, gastric content volume, and the area under the curve (AUC) of gastric content volume -time profiles were calculated.Results: Eight females and eight males completed the study protocol. The mean (SD) gastric emptying times were 89 (32) min for blackcurrant juice, 127 (54) min for oat drink with 0.5% fat, 135 (36) min for mango juice, and 152 (40) min for oat drink with 3% fat. Gastric emptying times were slower for oat drink with 3% fat (P=0.007) and mango juice (P=0.025) than for blackcurrant juice. At 1 h after ingestion, gastric content volume was greater for mango juice (P=0.021) and oat drink with 3% fat (P=0.003) than for blackcurrant juice. The AUC was greater for oat drink with 3% fat than mango juice (P=0.029), oat drink with 0.5% fat (P=0.004), and blackcurrant juice (P=0.002), and for mango juice than blackcurrant juice (P=0.019).Conclusions: Caloric and nutrient content significantly affected gastric emptying times. A high-calorie fruit juice (mango) exhibited delayed emptying times compared with a low-calorie fruit juice (blackcurrant).
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| 4. |
- Modiri, Ali-Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of muscarinic antagonists on micturition pressure measured by cystometry in normal, conscious rats
- 2002
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Ingår i: Urology. - 0090-4295 .- 1527-9995. ; 59:6, s. 963-968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To establish an in vivo model to screen new muscarinic antagonists for the treatment of overactive urinary bladder and to calculate the respective ID(50) values.METHODS: The conscious rat cystometry model was modified to determine a complete dose-response curve in each animal. Spontaneous micturition was induced by infusion of room-temperature saline into rat bladders at a constant rate of 12 mL/hr. Cumulative doses of muscarinic antagonists administered in the femoral vein caused dose-dependent inhibition of the urinary bladder contraction measured as the micturition pressure. In addition, the in vitro pK(B) values for atropine, PNU-200577 (DD01), tolterodine, oxybutynin, and terodiline were determined in carbachol-contracted rat bladder strips.RESULTS: The rank order of the in vivo ID(50) values were atropine (14 +/- 4 nmol/kg), PNU-200577 (22 +/- 12 nmol/kg), tolterodine (94 +/- 20 nmol/kg), oxybutynin (175 +/- 89 nmol/kg), darifenacin (236 +/- 144 nmol/kg), desethyloxybutynin (313 +/- 209 nmol/kg), propiverine (4561 +/- 2079 nmol/kg), and terodiline (18,339 +/- 5348 nmol/kg). Tolterodine and PNU-200577 caused a parallel shift of the in vitro concentration-response curve to the right and did not alter the maximal contraction. The ID(50) values correlated significantly with the in vitro rat pK(B) and human bladder pA(2) values.CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that the rat cystometry model can be used in in vivo screening for new muscarinic antagonists.
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| 5. |
- Modiri, Ali-Reza
(författare)
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Functional Models in the Search for Pharmacological Treatment of Urinary Incontinence : The Role of Adrenergic, Cholinergic, and Serotonergic Receptors
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stress incontinence and overactive bladder are disorders with a common symptom, urinary incontinence, which is a serious medical and social handicap. Several neurotransmitters regulate the function of the lower urinary tract, including noradrenaline, acetylcholine, and serotonin.The present study is part of the search for pharmacological incontinence drugs. The aims of this thesis were to improve the existing pharmacological treatments of urinary incontinence and to look for alternative treatments: i) an α1-adrenergic agonist that preferentially affects urethral over blood pressure was tested in vivo; ii) a modified cystometry model was developed for screening of muscarinic antagonists, by construction of a complete dose-response curve in each individual animal; iii) a new muscarinic antagonist, PNU-171990, was pharmacologically characterized in vitro and in vivo; iv) functional differences of the isomers of the muscarinic agonist BM-5 were characterized in the urinary bladder and ileum, in vitro and in vivo; v) the role of serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors were characterized on urinary bladder contractions in vivo.In the search for urethra selective compounds, the α1-adrenoceptors agonists phenylephrine and phenylpropanolamine selectively enhanced blood pressure as compared to the urethral pressure in rabbit. This is in contrast to the effect of oxymetazoline and NS-49. Muscarinic antagonists produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the volume-induced micturition pressure in the rat. PNU-171990, a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, revealed selectivity for urinary bladder pressure over salivation (P<0.05). (R)-BM-5 induced bladder contraction and saliva secretion in cats. The selective serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, ketanserin and tropisetron, both inhibited the effect of chemically induced bladder contraction in the anaesthetized cat.In conclusion, an urethral-selective α1A-adrenoceptor agonist may be a good treatment of stress incontinence. A bladder-selective competitive muscarinic antagonist is considered a good pharmacotherapy for overactive bladder. In addition, the 5-HT2A and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist may improve lower urinary tract symptoms.
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