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- Moesch, Karin, 1975-
(författare)
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Applying ACT in the context of elite sports : a reflection on blurred lines between clinical issues and performance enhancement
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sport Psychology. - 9788491482826 ; , s. 186-186
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being an athlete at international level is primarily about performance accomplishments, and sport psychology has traditionally focused on performance enhancement and clinical issues has received limited attention. However, mental health is becoming a greater concern in the context of elite sports (Baltzell, 2016; Gardner & Moore, 2006). Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) is regarded as the third wave of Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in clinical psychology (Hayes, 2004). Interestingly, ACT is becoming increasingly applied to the context of sports (Baltzell, 2016; Gardner & Moore, 2006). Basically, brief interventions of ACT can conceptually be described by three core pillars represented by open, aware and engaged (Strosahl, Robinson, & Gustavsson, 2012). Open is about the ability to accept uncomfortable sensations and distress without resistance and struggle. Consequently, when open, behaviour is shaped by direct results rather than rigid rules. Awareness is essentially the ability to experience the present moment and to take perspective on self and the story about self. Finally, engaged is the behaviour oriented dimension and is expressed by strong connection with values and the ability to sustain value-consistent actions. Moreover, value driven recovery behaviours may potentially enhance health and performance. Committed actions are specific behaviours that arise as “reflections” based upon values. Ultimately, athletes should be able to stay connected to valued driven behaviours, on purpose, in the present moment, and do it with full acceptance. This presentation will address sport psychology consultants who work across the blurred lines between performance enhancement and clinical issues with elite athletes with ACT-based interventions at the Olympics. Finally, the presentation will discuss some future directions with emphasise on preventive ACT-interventions applied to the elite sports.
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| 4. |
- Moesch, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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"Be Mindful Even Though It Hurts" : A Single-Case Study Testing the Effects of Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Intervention on Injured Athletes’ Mental Health
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. - Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics. - 1932-9261 .- 1932-927X. ; 14:4, s. 399-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Injury is a serious setback for athletes and might jeopardize mental health. The aim of this study is to investigate if a mindfulness- and acceptance-based intervention can improve mindfulness (nonreactivity and acting with awareness), acceptance, and well-being, and decrease the level of symptoms of anxiety and depression. A single-case design with multiple, staggered, and nonconcurrent baselines was used. Six seriously injured athletes took part in an 8-week intervention and repeatedly completed questionnaires on all variables for the duration of the study. The results showed that, on average, there were significant clinical changes between phases in nonreactivity, well-being, and acceptance. No effect was seen in the two remaining scales. On an individual level, two participants showed effects in all scales, two participants in some of the scales, and two participants in the scale nonreactivity. Results are discussed in light of existing research, and implications for practitioners’ clinical methods are presented. © 2019-2020 Human Kinetics
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| 5. |
- Moesch, Karin, 1975-
(författare)
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”Be mindful even though it hurts”: The potential benefit of mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions in sport injury rehabilitation.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Sport Science Conference – "The Double-Edged Sword of Sport: Health Promotion Versus Unhealthy Envirnments". - Halmstad : Halmstad University Press. ; , s. 45-46
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionGetting injured often causes psychological reactions such as depressive symptoms or anxiety (see for an overview Brewer & Redmond, 2017). Such reactions not only compromise the athletes’ wellbeing, but can also impact the athlete’s rehabilitation behaviour, the overall outcome of the rehabilitation, and the fact if he/she returns to sport (e.g., De Heredia et al., 2004). A recent meta-analysis showed that negative affective responses had a negative effect on successful return to sport (Ivarsson et al., 2017). Thus, it seems appropriate to integrate psychological interventions alongside the physical rehabilitation. Reviews supported the effectiveness of psychological interventions (mostly based on Psychological Skills Training or biofeedback) during rehabilitation of sport injury to reduce the negative emotional responses and improve behavioural responses during rehabilitation (Schwab Reese et al., 2012). However, several authors call for the use of other interventions, such as mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions (MABI).Aim and theoretical frameworkThe aim of this presentation is to highlight the potential benefit of adopting MABIs, such as mindfulness, Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment approach (MAC), to help injured athletes handle the negative emotions and thoughts caused by a severe sport injury. The central feature of MABIs is to elaborate a modified relationship with internal experiences (such as thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations) rather than seeking to suppress them or change their form or frequency (as done in PST). By learning to monitor, decenter from, and accept one´s inner experiences, the individual develops a healthier relationship to, and will be less affected by such internal experiences, which leaves more room to engage in valuable behaviours that move the individual toward his/her goals. Specific focus will be laid on mindfulness interventions, as mindfulness is an integral part in all MABIs.MethodA thorough literature search has been conducted to find articles about outcomes of mindfulness training and about mechanisms that are related to these outcomes. Likewise, a specific search for studies done with any MABI with injured athletes and for studies investigating variables related to MABIs has been conducted.ResultsResults from reviews reveal that mindfulness practice has a positive effect on stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, wellbeing, and on behavior regulation in adults (e.g., Keng et al., 2011), and on self-confidence, life quality and pain acceptance in non-athletic populations of adults in rehabilitation (Hardison & Roll, 2016). Mechanisms for these beneficial effects are among others monitoring, acceptance, decentering and exposure (Brown et al., 2007; Lindsay & Creswell, 2017).Four studies have been conducted using MABIs with injured athletes. They show promising results; however, they contain methodological concerns such as short intervention length or small sample sizes. Two recent studies investigated variables that are central in MABIs, acceptance and psychological flexibility. Higher levels in these variables were related to better adherence and emotional response during injury rehabilitation.Discussion and conclusionsBased on the results above, it seems appropriate to adopt MABIs in sport injury rehabilitation. Given the fact that MABIs have become increasingly popular for performance enhancement in elite sports, it seems time to integrate and scientifically study these approaches more thoroughly in the context of sport injury rehabilitation.ReferencesBrewer, B. W., & Redmond, C. J. (2017). Psychology of sport injury. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 211-237.De Heredia, R. A. S., Muñoz, A. R., & Artaza, J. L. (2004). The Effect of Psychological Response on Recovery of Sport Injury. Research in Sports Medicine, 12, 15-31Hardison, M. E., & Roll, S. C. (2016). Mindfulness interventions in physical rehabilitation: A scoping review. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 70, 1-9.Ivarsson, A., Tranaeus, U., Johnson, U., & Stenling, A. (2017). Negative psychological responses of injury and rehabilitation adherence effects on return to play in competitive athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 27. doi:10.2147/OAJSM.S112688Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychological Review, 31, 1041-1056.Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Review: Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT). Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 48-59. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.011Schwab Reese, L. M., Pittsinger, R., & Yang, J. (2012). Review: Effectiveness of psychological intervention following sport injury. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 1, 71-79. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2012.06.003
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