| 1. |
- Månsson, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Continued transmission of hepatitis B and C viruses, but no transmission of human immunodeficiency virus among intravenous drug users participating in a syringe/needle exchange program
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 32:3, s. 253-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The virological efficacy of a syringe/needle exchange program was evaluated in a cohort incidence study. Of 698 intravenous drug users (IVDUs) initially recruited, 15 (2.1%) were HIV-positive at baseline. Adequate follow-up was possible in 515 (74%) and showed no new cases of HIV infection during a median of 31 months. Most IVDUs had been previously exposed to HBV (anti-HBc-positive 70.1%) and HCV (anti-HCV-positive 90.7%). Of those 159 IVDUs negative at baseline for anti-HBc and/or anti-HCV, 56 (35%) seroconverted to one or both viruses during follow-up, corresponding to 11.7 seroconversions/100 y at risk for HBV and 26.3 seroconversions/100 y for HCV. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed hepatitis seroconversion to correlate with imprisonment during the study (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.04-4.74), absence of drug-free periods (OR 5.7; CI 1.44-22.3) and frequent syringe/needle exchanges (OR 1.31; CI 1.02-1.7). The absence of HIV spread was probably partly due to the low prevalence of HIV-infected IVDUs in the city. Despite free syringes and needles, both HBV and HCV continued to spread at high rates. Nevertheless, syringe/needle exchange programs, coupled with monitoring of serostatus provide good surveillance and are valuable for further assessment of remaining risks.
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| 2. |
- Widell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Antibody to a hepatitis C virus related protein among patients at high risk for hepatitis B
- 1991
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 23:1, s. 19-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anti-HCV prevalence in treated hemophiliacs, their heterosexual partners, intravenous drug addicts and homosexual men was studied. In hemophiliacs and many of the intravenous drug addicts, greater than or equal to 2 sera drawn 1-18 or 1-17 years apart were available. Anti-HCV testing was performed by ELISA (Ortho). Among patients with severe and moderate hemophilia A, 87% (98/112) were positive for anti-HCV at least once and among patients with severe and moderate hemophilia B, 83% (24/29) were positive for anti-HCV. Seroconversion to anti-HCV was observed in 21% of hemophilia patients. In hemophilia A, HCV infection generally occurred during the first years of life and in hemophilia B somewhat later. Loss of anti-HCV antibody was seen in 12% (17 patients). The rest, 54% (76 patients) were seropositive in first and last samples. All 12 tested spouses to anti-HCV positive men were anti-HCV negative. 80% of the drug addicts (137/172) were seropositive for anti-HCV. In those with greater than 1 serum tested, 8% were consistently negative and 68% consistently positive. 21% seroconverted to anti-HCV while 3% lost antibody. 10% (22/211) of homosexual men were anti-HCV positive. Intravenous transmission of HCV thus seemed highly efficient whereas sexual transmission was much less efficient.
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| 3. |
- Widell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Post-transfusion hepatitis type non-A, non-B in southern Sweden: occurrence and clinical significance
- 1987
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 19:6, s. 603-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two prospective studies of the occurrence and clinical significance of post-transfusion hepatitis non-A, non-B were performed in Malmo, Sweden. In both studies, patients of a broad clinical spectrum were followed up 6 and 12 weeks after transfusion. In a 7 week study from 1983, hepatitis non-A, non-B occurred in 9/173 transfused patients (5.2%) versus 1/203 untransfused controls (0.5%) (p less than 0.01). In a 6 month study from 1984-85, the incidence of hepatitis non-A, non-B had declined to 2.4% (18/739 transfused patients). The mean number of transfused units was about 5 in both studies and most patients had subclinical disease. Despite similar transfusion volumes to patients above or below 70 years of age, hepatitis non-A, non-B was predominantly seen among patients less than 70 years. In the 1984-85 study, hepatitis non-A, non-B incidence was 1.2% in recipients greater than or equal to 70 years, 3.4% in recipients less than 70 years and 4.5% in recipients less than 40 years. One year after the initial hepatitis non-A, non-B episode, 4/18 patients (22%) had biochemical signs of chronic hepatitis.
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