| 1. |
- Moha, Naouel, et al.
(författare)
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Specification and Detection of SOA Antipatterns
- 2012
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Ingår i: Service-Oriented Computing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642343209 - 9783642343216
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Like any other complex software system, Service Based Systems (SBSs) must evolve to fit new user requirements and execution contexts. The changes resulting from the evolution of SBSs may degrade their design and quality of service (QoS) and may often cause the appearance of common poor solutions, called Antipatterns. Antipatterns resulting from these changes also hinder the future maintenance and evolution of SBSs. The automatic detection of antipatterns is thus important to assess the design and QoS of SBSs and ease their maintenance and evolution. However, methods and techniques for the detection of antipatterns in SBSs are still in their infancy despite their importance. In this paper, we introduce a novel and innovative approach supported by a framework for specifying and detecting antipatterns in SBSs. Using our approach, we specify 10 well-known and common antipatterns, including Multi Service and Tiny Service, and we automatically generate their detection algorithms. We apply and validate the detection algorithms in terms of precision and recall on Home-Automation, an SBS developed independently. This validation demonstrates that our approach enables the specification and detection of SOA antipatterns with the precision of more than 90% and the recall of 100%.
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| 2. |
- Nayrolles, Mathieu, et al.
(författare)
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SODA : A Tool Support for the Detection of SOA Antipatterns
- 2012
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Ingår i: Service-Oriented Computing - ICSOC 2012 Workshops. ICSOC 2012. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642378034 - 9783642378041 ; , s. 451-455
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During their evolution, Service Based Systems (SBSs) need to fit new user requirements and execution contexts. The resulting changes from the evolution of SBSs may degrade their design and Quality of Service (QoS), and thus may cause the appearance of common poor solutions, called Antipatterns. Like other complex systems, antipatterns in SBSs may hinder the future maintenance and evolution. Therefore, the automatic detection of such antipatterns is an important task for assessing the design and QoS of SBSs, to facilitate their maintenance and evolution. However, despite of their importance, no tool support exists for the detection of antipatterns in SBSs. In this paper, we introduce a prototype tool, called Soda, for detecting SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) antipatterns in SBSs.
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| 3. |
- Palma, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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Are RESTful APIs well-designed? : Detection of their linguistic (anti)patterns
- 2015
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Ingår i: Service-oriented computing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783662486160 - 9783662486153 ; , s. 171-187
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifier lexicon has a direct impact on software understandability and reusability and, thus, on the quality of the final software product. Understandability and reusability are two important characteristics of software quality. REST (REpresentational State Transfer) style is becoming a de facto standard adopted by many software organisations. The use of proper lexicon in RESTful APIs might make them easier to understand and reuse by client developers, and thus, would ease their adoption. Linguistic antipatterns represent poor practices in the naming, documentation, and choice of identifiers in the APIs as opposed to linguistic patterns that represent best practices. We present the DOLAR approach (Detection Of Linguistic Antipatterns in REST), which applies syntactic and semantic analyses for the detection of linguistic (anti)patterns in RESTful APIs. We provide detailed definitions of ten (anti)patterns and define and apply their detection algorithms on 15 widely-used RESTful APIs, including Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. The results show that DOLAR can indeed detect linguistic (anti)patterns with high accuracy and that they do occur in major RESTful APIs.
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| 4. |
- Palma, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of Process Antipatterns : A BPEL Perspective
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop, EDOC2013. - 9781479930487
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing significance of the serviceoriented paradigm for implementing business solutions, assessing and analyzing such solutions also becomes an essential task to ensure and improve their quality of design. One way to develop such solutions, a.k.a., Service-Based systems (SBSs) is to generate BPEL (Business Process Execution Language) processes via orchestrating Web services. Development of large business processes (BPs) involves design decisions. Improper and wrong design decisions in software engineering are commonly known as antipatterns, i.e., poor solutions that might affect the quality of design. The detection of antipatterns is thus important to ensure and improve the quality of BPs. However, although BP antipatterns have been defined in the literature, no effort was given to detect such antipatterns within BPEL processes. With the aim of improving the design and quality of BPEL processes, we propose the first rule-based approach to specify and detect BP antipatterns. We specify 7 BP antipatterns from the literature and perform the detection for 4 of them in an initial experiment with 3 BPEL processes.
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| 5. |
- Palma, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of REST Patterns and Antipatterns : A Heuristics-Based Approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: Service-Oriented Computing. ICSOC 2014. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783662453902 - 9783662453919 ; , s. 230-244
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- REST (REpresentational State Transfer), relying on resources as its architectural unit, is currently a popular architectural choice for building Web-based applications. It is shown that design patterns—good solutions to recurring design problems—improve the design quality and facilitate maintenance and evolution of software systems. Antipatterns, on the other hand, are poor and counter-productive solutions. Therefore, the detection of REST (anti)patterns is essential for improving the maintenance and evolution of RESTful systems. Until now, however, no approach has been proposed. In this paper, we propose SODA-R (Service Oriented Detection for Antipatterns in REST), a heuristics-based approach to detect (anti)patterns in RESTful systems. We define detection heuristics for eight REST antipatterns and five patterns, and perform their detection on a set of 12 widely-used REST APIs including BestBuy, Facebook, and DropBox. The results show that SODA-R can perform the detection of REST (anti)patterns with high accuracy. We also found that Twitter and DropBox are not well-designed, i.e., contain more antipatterns. In contrast, Facebook and BestBuy are well-designed, i.e., contain more patterns and less antipatterns.
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| 6. |
- Palma, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the Change-Proneness of Service Patterns and Antipatterns
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE 7th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications, SOCA 2014. - : IEEE. - 9781479968336
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Like any other software systems, service-based systems (SBSs) evolve frequently to accommodate new user requirements. This evolution may degrade their design and implementation and may cause the introduction of common bad practice solutions - antipatterns - in opposition to patterns which are good solutions to common recurring design problems. We believe that the degradation of the design of SBSs does not only affect the clients of the SBSs but also the maintenance and evolution of the SBSs themselves. This paper presents the results of an empirical study that aimed to quantify the impact of service patterns and antipatterns on the maintenance and evolution of SBSs. We measure the maintenance effort of a service implementation in terms of the number of changes and the size of changes (i.e., Code churns) performed by developers to maintain and evolve the service, two effort metrics that have been widely used in software engineering studies. Using data collected from the evolutionary history of the SBS FraSCAti, we investigate if (1) services involved in patterns require less maintenance effort, (2) services detected as antipatterns require more maintenance effort than other services, and (3) if some particular service antipatterns are more change-prone than others. Results show that (1) services involved in patterns require less maintenance effort, but not at statistically significant level, (2) services detected as antipatterns require significantly more maintenance effort than non-antipattern services, and (3) services detected as God Component, Multi Service, and Service Chain antipatterns are more change-prone (i.e., Require more maintenance effort) than the services involved in other antipatterns. We also analysed the relation between object-oriented code smells and service patterns/antipatterns and found a significant difference in the proportion of code smells contained in the implementations of service patterns and antipatterns.
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| 7. |
- Palma, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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Recommendation system for design patterns in software development : An DPR overview
- 2012
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Ingår i: 3rd International Workshop on Recommendation Systems for Software Engineering, RSSE 2012. - : IEEE Press. - 9781467317597 - 9781467317580
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software maintenance can become monotonous and expensive due to ignorance and misapplication of appropriate design patterns during the early phases of design and development. To have a good and reusable system, designers and developers must be aware of large information set and many quality concerns, e.g., design patterns. Systems with correct design pattern may ensure easy maintenance and evolution. However, without assistance, designing and development of software systems following certain design patterns is difficult for engineers. Recommendation systems for software engineering can assist designers and developers with a wide range of activities including suggesting design patterns. With the help of pattern recommenders, designers can come up with a reusable design. We provide a Design Pattern Recommender (DPR) process overview for software design to suggest design patterns, based on a simple Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) approach. Our prototype provides two-fold solution. In the primary-level, DPR only proposes one or more design patterns for a problem context, and in the secondary level, for a initial set of design, DPR refactors models and suggests design patterns. Our preliminary evaluation shows that DPR has a good trade-off between accuracy and procedural complexity, comparing to other state-of-the-art approaches.
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| 8. |
- Palma, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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Semantic analysis of RESTful APIs for the detection of linguistic patterns and antipatterns
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems. - : World Scientific. - 0218-8430 .- 1793-6365 .- 0218-2157. ; 26:2, s. 1-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifier lexicon may have a direct impact on software understandability and reusability and, thus, on the quality of the final software product. Understandability and reusability are two important characteristics of software quality. REpresentational State Transfer (REST) style is becoming a de facto standard adopted by software organizations to build their Web applications. Understandable and reusable Uniform Resource Identifers (URIs) are important to attract client developers of RESTful APIs because good URIs support the client developers to understand and reuse the APIs. Consequently, the use of proper lexicon in RESTful APIs has also a direct impact on the quality of Web applications that integrate these APIs. Linguistic antipatterns represent poor practices in the naming, documentation, and choice of identifiers in the APIs as opposed to linguistic patterns that represent the corresponding best practices. In this paper, we present the Semantic Analysis of RESTful APIs (SARA) approach that employs both syntactic and semantic analyses for the detection of linguistic patterns and antipatterns in RESTful APIs. We provide detailed definitions of 12 linguistic patterns and antipatterns and define and apply their detection algorithms on 18 widely-used RESTful APIs, including Facebook, Twitter, and Dropbox. Our detection results show that linguistic patterns and antipatterns do occur in major RESTful APIs in particular in the form of poor documentation practices. Those results also show that SARA can detect linguistic patterns and antipatterns with higher accuracy compared to its state-of-the-art approach — DOLAR.
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| 9. |
- Palma, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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SOA Antipatterns : An Approach for their Specification and Detection
- 2013
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Ingår i: International journal of intelligent and cooperative information systems. - : IEEE Press. - 0218-2157 .- 0218-8430. ; 22:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Like any other large and complex software systems, Service-Based Systems (SBSs) must evolve to fit new user requirements and execution contexts. The changes resulting from the evolution of SBSs may degrade their design and quality of service (QoS) and may often cause the appearance of common poor solutions in their architecture, called antipatterns, in opposition to design patterns, which are good solutions to recurring problems. Antipatterns resulting from these changes may hinder the future maintenance and evolution of SBSs. The detection of antipatterns is thus crucial to assess the design and QoS of SBSs and facilitate their maintenance and evolution. However, methods and techniques for the detection of antipatterns in SBSs are still in their infancy despite their importance. In this paper, we introduce a novel and innovative approach supported by a framework for specifying and detecting antipatterns in SBSs. Using our approach, we specify 10 well-known and common antipatterns, including Multi Service and Tiny Service, and automatically generate their detection algorithms. We apply and validate the detection algorithms in terms of precision and recall two systems developed independently, (1) Home-Automation, an SBS with 13 services, and (2) FraSCAti, an open-source implementation of the Service Component Architecture (SCA) standard with more than 100 services. This validation demonstrates that our approach enables the specification and detection of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) antipatterns with an average precision of 90% and recall of 97.5%.
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| 10. |
- Palma, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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Specification and detection of business process antipatterns
- 2015
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Ingår i: E-technologies. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319179568 - 9783319179575 ; , s. 37-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structured business processes (SBPs) are now in enterprises the prominent solution to software development problems through orchestrating Web services. By their very nature, SBPs evolve through adding new or modifying existing functionalities. Those changes may deteriorate the process design and introduce process antipatterns—poor but recurring solutions that may degrade processes design quality and hinder their maintenance and evolution. However, to date, few solutions exist to detect such antipatterns to facilitate the maintenance and evolution and improve the quality of process design. We propose SODA-BP (Service Oriented Detection for Antipatterns in Business Processes), supported by a framework for specifying and detecting process antipatterns. To validate SODA-BP, we specify eight antipatterns and perform their detection on a set of randomly selected 35 SBPs form a corpus of more than 150 collected processes from an open-source search engine. Some of the SBPs were modified by adding, removing, or modifying process elements to introduce noise in them. Results shows that SODA-BP has an average detection precision of more than 75% and recall of 100%.
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